Industrial Growth in the 20th Century with Emphasis on Economics

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Industrial Growth in the 20th Century with
Emphasis on Economics
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Teacher Objectives, Key
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Instructions

• Click on all words in italics for definitions.
• When you hear chimes you may use the pen.
• To use pen, click on triangle in lower left
  corner. Select Pointer Options, then Pen Color.
  Use pen to draw on the slide.
• To remove pen, go back to triangle, click on
  Pointer Options and then Hide Now.
• Drawn lines will erase automatically as program
  continues.
• Slides advance on mouse click.

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Contents
Click

• Reconstruction Hard times for Virginia
• Economic Changes in Virginia
• Land Use in Virginia
• Growth of Cities
• Advances in Transportation
• Virginias Role in the 2oth Century U. S. Economy
• Tourism
• Virginia Exports
• The Northeast Megalopolis
• Money
• Review and Extra Credit

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Virginia Social Studies Fourth Grade
Industrial Growth in the 20th Century
SOL Objective 4.5
The student will evaluate the social, political,
and economic life in Virginia from the
Reconstruction Period to the 20th century with
emphasis on economics.
SOL Objective 4.6
The student will trace the history of Virginia in
the 20th century with emphasis on economics.
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Reconstruction
in Virginia
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Mayos Bridge, Richmond, Virginia 1865
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Ruins and destruction of Richmond, Virginia 1865
The above picture shows a ruined flour mill, and
below is an arsenal.
Confederate soldiers burned this bridge during
the Civil War.
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Libby Prison, Richmond, Virginia, where the Union
soldiers were housed.
Ruins as seen from the railroad depot, Richmond,
Va. (1865)
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Reconstruction Hard Times for Virginians

• The period of rebuilding the South after the
  Civil War was called Reconstruction.

• During this time Virginians had to rebuild the
  state. There were many problems.

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Panorama view of Richmond, Va. during the
Reconstruction Period.
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Now, what do we do?

• Newly freed slaves had little food, clothing,
  or shelter, and no way to make a living.
• Railroads, bridges, and crops were destroyed
  during the Civil War.
• The economy of Virginia had collapsed.

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After Reconstruction, Virginia changed from a
rural agricultural society
to a more urban, industrial society.
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Economic Changes in VirginiaAgricultural to
Industrial Society
Virginias Crops and Minerals
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Why did Virginia change from an Agricultural to
Industrial Society?
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It became more difficult for farmers to make a
living as agriculture changed. In the beginning
almost everyone was a farmer. People ate all
the food they grew, and the food never left the
farm.Today people buy their food in
supermarkets or corner grocery stores. Crops are
grown to sell for profit.
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The old system of farming is no longer
effective.Modern farming methods make labor
easier and quicker.
Old
Modern

• Combine
• Technology
• Apple sorting
• Computerized machinery

• Farmer plowing field
• Push plow
• First reaper

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Old
Early plows were powered by horses and man.
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Technology makes farming easier
Combine
Modern
Sprinkler system
Reapers
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Gathering grain
Crop dusting
Modern
Harvesting the peanut crop
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Movement to the City
Cause
Effect
Low crop prices
Farmers turned to industry for higher pay
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Land use in Virginia today is used much as it was
100 years ago.
Land Use In Virginia Today
Forests Agriculture Swamps Manufact
uring Livestock Dairy
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Land Use
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Workers in the Agricultural Industry

• Modern
• Farmers
• Truck Drivers
• Railroad Workers
• Food Manufacturers
• Food Sellers
• Laboratory Workers

• Old
• Farmers
• Indentured servants
• Slaves
• Families

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Virginias Cities Began to Grow

• Every day or two we hear from the papers of the
  organization of some new company. There are
  companies to build a cotton mill, a knitting
  mill, a picket fence company, and a paint mill.
  There is also a new flour mill under way.

A Virginia writer is describing the growth of
Lynchburg, Virginia in 1889.
To hear factory sounds, click on pictures
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What were people looking for in the cities?

• They hoped to find economic opportunities, such
  as more and better jobs.

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No longer were the cities just places where
farmers came to buy supplies and exchange news
with their neighbors. Now they were growing
centers of business where factories provided new
jobs for former farm workers.
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Virginia Cities Keep Growing!

• Other factors that caused Virginias cities
  to grow were
• Technological developments in transportation,
  roads, railroads, and streetcars.
• Coal mining was another reason for growth.
  People moved from the countryside to towns and
  cities to find jobs.

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The worlds first successful electric railway
was located in Richmond in 1888. It connected
the suburbs with downtown, and became the model
for cities all over the world.
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Technology in transportation helped cities grow.
Once a place became a railroad center, factories
often followed, and small towns turned into
cities.
Click front of train for more information
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The opening of coal mines in the southwestern
part of the state also spurred the growth of many
Virginia cities.
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Coal miners at work.
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Virginians mined coal and shipped it east by
railroad to port cities such as
Norfolk.

• By 1910 three major railroad lines brought
  trainloads of coal from the mountains of
  southwestern Virginia to Newport News and
  Norfolk.

During the 1880s extra track was added from
Richmond, the state capital, to Newport News.
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Population Growth of Cities 1880 - 1910

• Cities grew rapidly in the early 1900s.
• Which city was the largest in 1910?

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ADVANCES IN TRANSPORTATION
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Cumberland Gap
In 1775, Daniel Boone led a group of explorers
along an Indian trail through the rocky western
part of Virginia. They found a hidden pass
through a narrow valley in the Appalachian
Mountains. This pass is called the Cumberland Gap
and it became the main route for westward
movement. Would you like to visit the Cumberland
Gap Time Machine?.
Click on the chronometer
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During the 20th century improvements in
transportation greatly affected Virginias
economic growth.
Virginias extensive system of highways,
railroads, air transportation, and ports move raw
materials to manufacturing centers and finished
products to markets.
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Improvements in transportation have helped
Virginia become an important part of the U.S.
economy.
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Interstate Highways

• I-95 connects Virginia with all of the states
  along the east coast. Trucks carry fresh produce,
  seafood, textiles, tobacco products, peanuts,
  ham, chemicals and electrical equipment to
  markets along this route.

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INTERSTATE HIGHWAYS

• I-81 extends the length of Virginia along the
  Ridge and Valley Region. It is used to transport
  apples, wood products and electrical equipment to
  markets.

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Today, I-66 and I-64 run east and west through
the Tidewater, Piedmont, and Ridge and Valley
regions.

• Cattle,sheep, poultry, milk, eggs, apples,
  peaches, and tobacco products are among the goods
  transported to markets along these routes.

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The construction of the Chesapeake Bridge Tunnel
connected the Eastern Shore with the mainland.
It provided a shorter route for getting seafood,
poultry, produce and other Tidewater products to
market.
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VIRGINIAS VAST RAILROAD SYSTEM
Click here

• Railroads are an important part of the
  transportation system. Coal is transported from
  the mountains of southwestern Virginia . . .

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to the east by rail to port cities such as
Norfolk and Newport News to be shipped to other
areas. . .
Port city of Norfolk, Virginia
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to Pennsylvania where it is made into coke for
use in making steel products.
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Using the pen,trace one of the interstate
highways in Virginia.
Map Key Interstate Highways
Railroad Routes
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International Airports
Cargo planes at Dulles and Reagan
International Airports carry Virginia products to
destinations all over the world.
Main terminal at Dulles International Airport.
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Virginias Role in the United States Economy
During the 20th Century

• Employment
• Tourism
• Exports

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Employment
People from our state, our country, and the world
work at these sites in Virginia.
Click on pictures

• The Federal Government

Pentagon Arlington, Virginia

• Military Installations

Aircraft Carrier Hampton Roads, Virginia
America On Line Headquarters Dulles,
Virginia

• High Tech Industries

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(No Transcript)
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Where Virginians Work
More people in Virginia work for the government
than for any other industry. These people do not
produce a product.They are a part of service
industries, just like bankers, teachers, and
truck drivers. People who work in tourism are
also part of the service industries.
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Tourism
People from around the world visit our
many places of interest.

• George Washingtons Mount Vernon Estate

• Natural Bridge

• Virginia Beach

• Tomb of the
• Unknown Soldier

• Potomac Mills

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Growth of Tourism
Each year Virginians take over 12 million trips
within their own state. Over 42 million people
from places other than Virginia spend their
vacations here. Tourism provides jobs and brings
money into our state.
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Tourist Sites
1.
2.
5.
3.
4.
6.
Click on each name for additional information.
4. Colonial Williamsburg
1. Luray Caverns
2. Monticello
5. Chincoteague
3. Kings Dominion
6. Mount Rogers National Recreation Area
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Luray Caverns
Visit this site http//www.luraycaverns.com/home.
html
Click Here
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For additional information click this
site. http//www.monticello.org/index.html
Click here.
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Click here.
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Click here.
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Chincoteague Island
Click here.
http//www.chincoteague.com
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Mount Rogers National Recreation Area
This recreation site covers approximately
120,000 acres in Southwest Virginia. It
offers camping, hiking, horseback riding,
fishing, sightseeing, and mountain bike riding
in an unspoiled wilderness area.
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Exports
Virginia exports many products to other places.
Click on each picture

• Agricultural Products

• Coal

poultry

• Ships

tobacco

• Textiles

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Safety Mask
Mining Methods
Click here
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One of the largest shipbuilding companies in the
world is located at Newport News, Virginia.
Click
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Textiles
Textiles are fabrics made from knitting or
weaving. Danville,Virginia has one of the largest
textile factories in the world.
Virginia is our countrys largest manufacturer
of textiles.
Click
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Poultry
Virginia exported 220 million pounds of chickens
and turkeys in 1996.
http//www.vafb.com/poultry.htmAnchor.17304
Learn more.
Click here
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Tobacco
Stages in Growing and Selling
Curing
Transplanting
Tobacco Field Being Havested
Spraying
Auction
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Mega what?!

• Eastern Virginia is part of the northeast
  megalopolis.
• Virginia became a part of this megalopolis
  because of its extensive economic development.

Shipbuilding
Technology
Military
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The Northeast Megalopolis
Boston
Hartford
New York City
Philadelphia
Using the pen, draw a line from one end of the
northeast megalopolis to the other, going through
the major cities. Now draw a circle around the
nations capital and a star on the capital of
Virginia. When you are done, click on the title.
Trenton
Washington, D.C.
Baltimore
Richmond
Hampton
Norfolk
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The Northeast Megalopolis
Boston
Hartford
New York City
Philadelphia
Trenton
Washington, D.C.
Your map should look like this. Click on
to go on.
Baltimore
Richmond
Hampton
Norfolk
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Money, Money, Money

• Money is not so important for what it is, but for
  what it can do. Money is a medium of exchange
  used to purchase goods and services.

• The role of money in Virginia today is very
• important. While early Virginians used
• barter and trade, today we use money, a
• more convenient and acceptable tool.

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There are three forms of money.
Currency (cash)
Coins
Checks
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Your credit is good here!

• Credit is lending money (buying now and paying
  later).
• Credit is commonly used to purchase goods and
  services.
• We can get credit as

Credit cards and loans
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Financial Services Provided by Banks Today
Banks lend to buy goods and services
Banks lend to producers to start new
businesses
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Banks issue credit cards.
Banks provide savings accounts and pay interest
on the savings.
They also provide checking accounts.
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Review and Extra Credit

• Click on the following icons for review papers
  and puzzles.

• Scavenger Hunt
• Word Find
• Math - Growing Money
• Crossword Puzzle

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For the Teacher
Click on icons for answer sheets. You may allow
children to self correct their own papers also.
Scavenger Hunt
Word Find
Math - Growing Money
Crossword Puzzle
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Credits
Virginia Adventures in Time and Place, Dr.
Clifford T. Bennett, Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, New
York, 1997.
Trillium Videos
Donna Byrne Lorraine Hart, R.Dean Kilby
Elementary Cynthia Gastley, Potomac View
Elementary Catherine J. Nelson, Belmont Elementary