Overview

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Overview

• Anatomy
• Spinal Loading and Motion
• Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar
• Spinal Disease and Deformity
• Adult Spine
• Pediatric Spine
• Conclusion and Questions

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Anatomy
Components of The Spinal Column

• Extends from the skull to the pelvis
• 33 vertebrae
• 7 Cervical vertebrae (C1-C7)
• 12 Thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)
• 5-6 Lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5)
• 5 fused Sacrum vertebrae (S1-S5)
• 3 Coccyx vertebrae
• Spinal Curves
• Curve Description
• Kyphosis or Kyphotic Curve Concave anteriorly and
  convex posteriorly
• Lordosis or Lordotic Curve Convex anteriorly and
  concave posteriorly    
• Normal Curvature
• Cervical Lordosis 20 to 40 degrees
• Thoracic Kyphosis 20 to 40 degrees
• Lumbar Lordosis 40 to 60 degrees
• Sacral Kyphosis Sacrum fused in a kyphotic curve

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Anatomy
Functions of The Spinal Column

• Protects
• Spinal Cord
• Nerve Roots
• Internal organs
• Mobility allows for
• Flexion (forward bending)
• Extension (backward bending)
• Side bending (left and right)
• Rotation (left and right)
• Structure
• Anchors head, shoulders, chest
• Connects upper and lower body
• Balances body
• Distributes weight

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Spinal Loading and Motion

• 4 Parts of Spine
• Cervical
• Thoracic
• Lumbar
• Sacrum

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Cervical Spine

• Supports weight of head and neck
• Protects nerves coming from/to brain
• 7 vertebra,
• Most flexion/extension from C5-C6 and C6-C7
  (bottom 2 segments)
• Most rotation from C1-C2 and C2-C3 (top 2)

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Thoracic Spine

• 12 Vertebral Bodies
• Provides stability and vital organ protection
• Connected directly to rib cage
• Little movement
• Very tough, therefore fewer injuries

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Lumbar Spine

• Carries full weight of torso
• 2 Lowest disks take the most strain of all spinal
  disks and are most often injured (L4-L5 and
  L5-S1)
• Responsible for heavy flexion and extension and
  rotation

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Spinal Diseases and Deformities

• Adult Spine
• Degenerative disorders
• Spinal deformities
• Pediatric Spine
• Spinal deformities and related disorders

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Adult Degenerative Disorders

• Cervical degenerative disorders
• Cervical spondylosis Refers to any lesion of the
  cervical spine of a degenerative
  nature
• -A result of aging and an imbalance of chemicals
• that causes neck pain and a decrease in the
  range of motion
• Disc Herniation Refers to when inter-vertebral
  disc loses cushion
• -A result of aging, wear and tear
• -Incidence 1 in 1 million
• -Can press on nerves which would cause pain,
  tingling, numbness and weakness
• -Is diagnosed with MRI or CT scan

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Adult Degenerative Disorders

• Cervical degenerative disorders
• Low back pain
• -Affects 50 of population by 20, and 80 by 60
• Can be prevented with exercises, good posture,
  NSAIDs, ice/heat, and regulation of activities
• Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
• -Any type of narrowing of the spinal canal
• -Noticed with pain
• -Can be treated with NSAIDS, physical therapy,
  exercise, epidurals, lumbar orthosis, and
  surgical procedures

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Adult Degenerative Disorders

• Spinal deformities and related problems
• Idiopathic and degenerative scoliosis
• -Occurs with disc degeneration,
• -Most commonly left sided curves, with Cobb
  angles over 50o
• -Many treatments
• Sagittal plane deformities
• -Caused by disc degeneration
• -Can cause muscle fatigue due to imbalance
• Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis
• -Defect in region above the sacrum with and
  without slippage of the vertebrae
• -Caused by heredity, trauma, and growth problems
• -Treatment requires rest, NSAIDs, sometimes
  surgery

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Pediatric Spinal Deformities and Degenerative
Disorders

• Pediatric spine spine of someone younger than
  the age of 8, spine isnt completely developed
  and is overly flexible
• Cervical disorders
• -Fatal since it is usually above C3
• Idiopathic scoliosis
• -Lateral bending or rotating of the spine without
  any known cause
• -Left thoracic is most common
• -Treated with serial casting followed by
  Milwaukee brace and possibly surgery
• Congenital spinal deformities
• -Caused by failure of segmentation, failure of
  vertebrae completion, or wedge in vertebrae
• Sagittal plane deformities
• -Kyphosis, Lordosis, postural round back,
• -Treatments include braces and surgical procedures

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Conclusion

• Anatomy of the Spine
• What exactly it does
• Loading and Movement of Spine
• Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar
• Some deformity and trauma
• Adult spine and pediatric spine

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Sources

• www.eorthopod.com
• http//www.spine-health.com/topics/anat/a01.html