Overview

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Overview
Exploring Computer Concepts

• Understanding Computers

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There are 4 Basic Functions of a computer

• The computing system includes several devices
  that perform the four basic functions of
  computing
• Input accepts data
• Processing processes data
• Output produces output
• Storage stores operating
• system and results

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Some Basic Terms

• Hardware - the physical parts of the computer.
• Software - the programs (instructions) that tell
  the computer what to do.
• Data - individual facts like first name, price,
  quantity ordered.
• Information - data which has been massaged into a
  useful form, like a complete mailing address.
• Default - the original settings what will happen
  if you don't change anything.

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What makes a computer powerfuland determines its
cost?

• Speed - A computer can do billions of actions per
  second.
• Reliability - Failures are usually due to human
  error, one way or another.
• Storage - A computer can keep huge amounts of
  data.

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What is a computer?

• http//www.gcflearnfree.org/computerbasics/1
• What is a computer computer basics video

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Hardware

• Hardware The physical parts of the computer.

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Buttons and Ports on the Computer Hardware

• What is on the front of the computer?
• http//www.gcflearnfree.org/computerbasics/6
• Buttons and Ports on the Desktop Computer video

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Back of the computer

• Interactive
• http//www.gcflearnfree.org/computerbasics/6.2

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Other Types of Ports

• Interactive demonstration
• Practice connecting the different cables
• http//www.gcflearnfree.org/computerbasics/6.3

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1. Input goes into the computer

• One Function of a computer is
• Input accepts data

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Types of Input

• Data - raw facts given to the computer.
• Programs are the sets of instructions that direct
  the computer.
• Commands are special codes or key words that the
  user inputs to perform a task, like RUN
  "ACCOUNTS." These can be selected from a menu of
  commands like "Open" on the File menu. They may
  also be chosen by clicking on a command button.
• User response is the user's answer to the
  computer's question, such as choosing OK, YES, or
  NO or by typing in text, like the name of a file.

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Ways to Input (Input Devices)

• Keyboard
• Text and Commands
• Mouse
• Scanner
• Microphone
• Sound
• Trackball
• Joystick

http//www.gcflearnfree.org/computerbasics/6.4
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Inside the Computer

• What goes on inside of your computer?
• http//www.gcflearnfree.org/computerbasics/7/print
  
• Play the video
• Inside a desktop computer

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2. Process Thinking

• One Function of a computer is
• Process processes data

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Processing

• Processing is the thinking that the computer does
  - the calculations, comparisons, and decisions.
• Machines have to think the hard way. They do one
  thing at a time, one step at a time. Complex
  procedures must be broken down into VERY simple
  steps. Then these steps can be repeated hundreds,
  thousands or millions of times.

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Processing Devices

• CPU
• The CPU is a chip inside the computer that
  receives data from input devices and changes it
  into a form that you can use.
• RAM
• Random Access Memory. It is temporary memory
  and is lost when the computer is turned off.
  (READS AND WRITES)
• ROM
• ROM is Read Only Memory. ROM contains the
  instructions that start the computer when it is
  turned on. ROM is permanent memory.
• The instruction for devices.

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Difference between ROM and RAM

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vwJ4dAFI7xLwt101

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Inside the Computer

• Data travels from one device to another through
  the computers motherboard.
• The motherboard is covered with electronic
  circuits and switches and connects vital pieces
  of hardware, such as the CPU and memory.
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vSPRHiQ_vSv4

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Software

• Software - the programs (instructions) that tell
  the computer what to do.

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Computer Applications or APPS

• http//www.gcflearnfree.org/computerbasics/3

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Applications

• An application is another word for a program
  running on the computer. Whether or not it is a
  good application depends on how well it performs
  the tasks it is designed to do and how easy it is
  for the user to use. That involves the user
  interface - the way the user tells the software
  what to do and how the computer displays
  information and options to the user.

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Common applications

• Word Processing Word Doc
• Spreadsheets - Excel
• Database - Access
• Presentations - PowerPoint

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3. OUTPUT -produces something

• One function of the computer
• Output produces some type of output from the
  computer

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Output

• Text documents including reports, letters, etc.
• Graphicscharts, graphs, pictures
• Multimediacombination of text, graphics, video,
  audio

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Output Devices

• Monitor
• Printer
• Headphones
• Speakers

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Touch Screen

• Input output device
• Touch-sensitive display screen on which a user
  can make choices by pressing button images

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4. Storage saving

• One Function of a computer is
• Storage stores operating system and results

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Storage

• Storage refers to the media and methods used to
  keep information available for later use. Some
  things will be needed right away, while other
  won't be needed for extended periods of time. So
  different methods are appropriate for different
  uses.

Main Memory Primary Storage
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Storage Devices

• Magnetic media
• Hard Drive
• Zip drives
• Floppy drives
• Optical media
• CD-ROM
• DVD drives
• Flash Media
• USB Drives
• Flash Drives

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Auxiliary Storage Devices

• Jump or Flash Drive
• External Hard Drive
• CD
• DVD
• Tape

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Primary and Secondary Storage

• Primary
• RAM Very fast, but loses data when computer is
  turned off.
• ROM Starts the computer when it is turned on.
  Does not change after being placed on the
  Motherboard.
• Secondary
• Magnetic Media Hard Drive Large, not easily
  moved from one machine to another.
• Floppy Disk Easy to move, but cannot hold much
  data.
• Zip, SuperDisk, Jazz Both large and portable.
• Optical Media CD-ROM and DVD Large, portable,
  but not all drives can write data to disc.

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System Software

• System software is a catch-all term for the
  programs that handle the running of your
  computer's hardware. The two main categories are
  
• Operating Systems
• Utility Programs

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Operating System

• Between the hardware and the application software
  lies the operating system.
• The operating system tells a computer how to do
  its work.
• The operating system is a program that conducts
  the communication between the various pieces of
  hardware like the video card, sound card,
  printer, the motherboard and the applications.

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Operating System

• http//www.gcflearnfree.org/computerbasics/2

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Operating Systems

• Most popular operating systems
• Microsoft Windows
• Macintosh OS
• Linux

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Computer Programs

• What is a computer program?
• Simply put, a computer program is a set of
  detailed directions telling the computer exactly
  what to do, one step at a time. A program can be
  as short as one line of code, or as long as
  several millions lines of code.
• The instructions that a programmer writes is
  called source code.

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Computer Programs

• Most computers are not just digital, but binary,
  too. That is, they recognize two possible values
  on and off. Binary data is represented by 0s
  and 1s.
• Programmers write the software needed to tell the
  computer how to carry out instructions.
  Programmers use a special language called
  programming language.

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Some Examples of Programming Languages

• ABAP
• BASIC
• COBOL
• C
• FORTRAN
• Java / JavaScript
• Lisp
• Pascal
• Visual Basic

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The Cloud storage

• http//www.gcflearnfree.org/computerbasics/4

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Computer Communication

• Computer communication is the transmission of
  data and information over a communications
  channel between two computers, which can be
  several different things.
• Communications between computers can be as simple
  as cabling two computers to the same printer. It
  can be as complex as a computer at NASA sending
  messages through an elaborate system of relays
  and satellites to tell a computer on Mars how to
  drive around without hitting the rocks.

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Wireless Mobile Devices
Laptop Small, mobile personal computer that runs on a single battery or AC/DC adapter
PDA Personal Digital Assistant used for calculations, clocks, calendars, games, Internet, email, radio, etc. characterized by touch screens
Tablet Notebook- or Slate-shaped mobile computer touch screen operated with a stylus or digital pen
Smartphone Integrates the functionality of a mobile phone with a PDA
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What are the 4 functions of a computer?
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4 Basic Functions

• The computing system includes several devices
  that perform the four basic functions of
  computing
• Input accepts data
• Processing processes data
• Output produces output
• Storage stores operating
• system and results

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Basic Networking Terms
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Basic Networking Components

• Server a computer program that provides
  services to other computer programs.
• Network interface card (NIC) it makes the
  connection between the computer and the network
  cable.

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Basic Networking Components

• Router a device that forwards data packets
  between computer networks.
• Switch an electrical component that interrupts
  current.
• Firewall software or hardware controls incoming
  and outgoing network traffic.

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Warriors of the Internet

• http//www.warriorsofthe.net/clips.html

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Check out the WEBSITE for Review

• Http//www.kids-online.net/learn/clickjr/clickjr.h
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