Title: Large Wind Integration Challenges and Solutions for OperationsSystem Reliability
1Large Wind Integration Challenges and Solutions
for Operations/System Reliability
Integrating Renewable Resources into the Electric
Grid
Lake Roosevelt Forum Spokane, Washington April
13, 2009
Photo courtesy of PPM Energy
Syd Berwager Director, Strategy Integration
2Substantial BPA Wind Energy Experience
- Over 2,000 MW of wind in its 10,500 MW peak load
balancing area (BA) - 19 wind farms
- Over1,000 wind turbines.
- 5 new substations for wind farms
- 6 tap lines for wind farms
- 75 of the wind serves load outside BA balancing
area - 4,716 MW, (74 ) of Network Open Season requests
were wind generation
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4Very High Wind Penetration
5Understanding Wind
BPA views wind primarily as an energy, rather
than a capacity resource.
- High Value
- Reduces carbon emissions
- Low, stable fuel price
- Variable and Uncertain Supply
- Increases need for balancing reserves
- Requires changes in system operations
- BPA exploration of innovative approaches
6BPA Balancing Authority Total Wind Generation and
Wind Basepoint24 Dec 2008 31 Dec 2008
Based on 5-min. readings from the BPA SCADA
system for points 79687, 103349 Balancing
Authority Wind Generation in Blue, Wind Basepoint
in Red Installed Wind Capacity 1592 MW BPA
Technical Operations Roy Ellis (rcellis_at_bpa.gov)
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8BPA Steps Taken
- Network Open Season
- Conditional Firm Service
- ACE diversity interchange
- New transmission construction financed
- Improving Automatic Generation Control
9Three wind integration services
- Regulation
- Moment-to-moment deviations between generation
and load - Following
- Difference between actual and scheduled load and
generation (10 minute time increments)
Generation imbalance Difference between amount
scheduled at the beginning of an hour and amount
actually produced during the hour
10More than hydro alone can handle
- Demands on FCRPS
- Serve load
- Non-power obligations
- Support variable generation
- Current estimated support capability
- 3,000 3,500 MW of wind generation
- New tools required beyond this level
11New BPA Approach
- Establish quantity of balancing reserves to be
made available - System studies wind and hydro
- Cost estimates
- Establish operational protocols to assure
generators to stay within balancing reserve
limits - Feathering of wind projects that are
substantially over-generating - Curtailing of schedules for wind projects that
are substantially under-generating - 90 of reserves used as trigger point
- Relative to scheduled amount
12Focus on Five Critical Areas
- New Operational Protocols
- Dynamic scheduling
- Third-party supply
- Improving wind generation forecast accuracy
- New Transmission Scheduling Practices and
Procedures
13Long-term solutions
- Transmission Additions
- Flywheels
- Pumped storage
- Compressed air
- Demand-side storage and load management
14Conclusions
Large Wind Integration Challenges and Solutions
for Operations/System Reliability
- Wind is a valuable addition to the Pacific
Northwest renewable generation mix - Winds contribution will continue to grow rapidly
- Integration of wind generation presents new
challenges - BPA has actively supported wind development and
will pursue further innovations - Longer term solutions will involve advances in
- Wind-forecasting
- Utility operational protocols and business
practices - Technology
- Demand response
Photo courtesy of PPM Energy