World War I The Great War

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World War IThe Great War
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174 623 Canadian soldiers were wounded during the
First World War.
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Canada and the First World War

• An assassination in Sarajevo in June 1914 went
  almost unnoticed in Canada. Few Canadians
  expected that it would lead to war fewer still
  anticipated the sacrifices Canada would be called
  to make.

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Causes of World War I

• The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
• Alliances in Europe
• Nationalism
• Imperialism
• Militarism
• Ultimatum

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Assassination in Sarajevo, Bosnia

• On Sunday, June 28, 1914, Archduke Franz
  Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne, was shot
  and killed by a Serbian nationalist during a
  visit to Sarajevo in Bosnia.

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Alliances in Europe

• Alliances are formed when countries band together
  against a common threat

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Triple Entente

• France
• Britain
• Russia

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Triple Alliance

• Germany
• Austria-Hungary
• Italy (when the WWI started Italy joined the
  Triple Entente)

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Nationalism

• Nationalism is a feeling of deep loyalty to ones
  people and homeland
• In 19th century Europe, nationalism was a
  powerful force
• By the early 20th century, extreme nationalism
  was causing problems
• Some people were ready to go to war to promote
  the interests of their homelands

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Imperialism

• European countries were interested in gaining
  control of lands away from their home country
• The lands and colonies were a source of raw
  materials and money
• They also gave the home country glory and
  military strength

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Imperialism

• France, Britain, and Russia had colonies
  throughout Europe and the world
• The largest empire was controlled by Britain
• The British Empire included Canada, Australia,
  New Zealand, India, Burma, South Africa, the East
  and West Indies, and islands in the Pacific

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Imperialism

• Germany also wanted colonies
• By the time Germany began to build an empire, all
  that remained were territories of lesser value
• Imperialism led to frequent disputes among the
  great powers of Europe
• Arguments over colonies and trade () threatened
  peace

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Militarism

• Militarism is the belief in the power of strong
  armies and navies to decide issues
• The only way to guarantee peace was to prepare
  for war
• Based on the idea that if a nation is strong, no
  enemy would dare attack it

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Militarism

• This kind of thinking led to an arms race in
  Europe
• Each country produced steel battleships, cannons,
  and explosives
• The size of armies and navies determined who
  would be the most powerful nation in Europe
• Britain became nervous when Germany started
  building a huge navy

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Canadas Role in WWI

• Canada was one of the smallest allied countries
  by population with 8 million
• Contributed 600,661 soldiers
• 61,663 military personnel died
• In some small communities entire generations of
  young men were lost

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The War Measures Act

• The Canadian government passed the War Measures
  Act after the war started
• It gave the federal government full power to
  arrest people suspected of being subversives
  (enemies)
• Internment camp in Amherst, NS for suspected
  German and Austrian sympathizers

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The Road to Nationhood

• Canada entered the war as a self-governing colony
  of Great Britain
• In 1917, the British government agreed to give
  Canada the power to make their own decisions
  regarding their own foreign affairs
• Before 1917, Great Britain made these decisions

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World 1919
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Europe 1919
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World War IThe Great War
Those who were on the battlefield on November 11,
1918, described what they experienced this way
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World War IThe Great War
"The guns were roaring, then suddenly there was
an eerie silence and four years of blood shed had
come to an end." These four years cost the lives
of more than 60,000 young Canadians.
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World War IThe Great War
The 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month,
1918, saw the end of what was supposed to be "the
war to end all wars." The First World War lasted
from 1914 to 1918, and it was the most brutal war
the world had ever seen.
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