Developments in substations

1
Developments in substations

• Paul Coventry, UK Member SC B3 Substations

2
Main technical directions

• New substation concepts
• Environmental issues
• Maintenance
• Life cycle management
• Substation management issues
• Strategies
• Evolution of electrical equipment in power
  stations
• Guides for users

3
Substation concepts

• Functional specifications for substations,
  evaluation of substation concepts
• Functional specification and evaluation of
  substations, Electra No. 215, August 2004
• Functional specification and evaluation of
  substations, Brochure Ref. No. 252
• Liberalisation has led to new requirements from
  asset owners
• Solution providers have developed new concepts
  and solutions
• Effective ways of evaluating substations
  involving innovative concepts
• Work complete

4
Substation concepts

• Compacting substations through insulation
  reduction
• A margin for substantial insulation reduction
  exists
• Determine lowest possible insulation levels
• Insulation characteristics for different types of
  equipment
• Environmental impact, ground area, indoor
  solutions
• Reconsider existing standards and national safety
  codes

5
Substation concepts

• Multifunctional specifications
• Impact of new functionalities on substation
  design, Electra No 214, June 2004
• Impact of new functionalities on substation
  design, Paper B3-208, CIGRE Paris Session 2004
• New functionalities and technologies cause demand
  for application guidance and recommendations
  related to design and construction impact for
  substations
• Strategy to collect impact on substation design
  of new functionalities
• Scope of new functionalities and technical
  solutions addressing most important new demands

6
Gas-insulated substations

• SF6
• SF6 recycling guide Revision 2003, Electra
  No. 209, August 2003
• SF6 recycling guide. Use of SF6 in electrical
  power equipment and final disposal. Revised
  2003, Brochure Ref. No. 234
• Updated release of brochure published in 1997
• Problems related to contamination
• Proposes limits of impurity levels for reuse
• SF6 handling

7
Gas-insulated substations

• GIS service experience
• To determine reliability data and trends for
  circuit breakers, switches, disconnectors,
  earthing switches, instrument transformers and
  other GIS components.

8
Gas-insulated substations

• Guide for standardised user specification of GIS

9
Gas-insulated substations

• Evolution of GIS into the 21st Century

10
Gas-insulated substations

• Mixed technology substations
• Guidance on existing standards and standards to
  be created/modified

11
Air-insulated substations

• Design
• The substation design process an overview,
  Electra No. 210, October 2003

12
Air-insulated substations

• Substation physical security
• Substation physical security trends, Electra No
  215, August 2004
• Substation physical security trends, Brochure
  Ref. No. 253
• Growing concern for the security of substation
  physical assets
• International survey undertaken to assess use and
  effectiveness of security measures
• Security measures to prevent unauthorised human
  access and protect substation assets

13
Air-insulated substations

• Environmental impact
• Improving the impact of existing substations on
  the environment, Brochure Ref. No. 221
• Aesthetics
• Audible noise
• Release of insulating oil
• Site contaminants and remediation
• Managing SF6 gas
• Reduction of electromagnetic fields
• Improving the visual impact of existing
  substations on environment, Paper B3-201, CIGRE
  Paris Session 2004
• Options to improve the visual impact

14
Air-insulated substations

• Substation renovation
• Guidelines to an optimised approach to the
  renewal of existing substations

15
Air-insulated substations

• Shared substations
• To address the issues raised where substations
  are shared by different owners, e.g.
  responsibility for the construction,
  responsibility for operation of the assets.

16
Secondary systems

• Application policy of computer-based control
  systems in substations
• Application policy of computer-based control
  systems in substations A review, Electra No.
  209, August 2003
• Application policy for computer-based control
  systems in substations A review, Brochure Ref.
  No. 233
• Case studies from seven utilities
• Costs, architecture, EMC, functionality,
  communication, reliability, flexibility,
  operation, maintenance, relationship with vendor

17
Secondary systems

• Secondary system functionality and cost
  implications

18
Secondary systems

• Change management of substation automation systems

19
Maintenance and reliability

• Maintenance organisation
• Outsourcing of maintenance a review of world
  experience, Paper B3-106, CIGRE Paris Session
  2004
• What type of maintenance is being outsourced
• How extensive is outsourcing
• How competitive is the market
• Has successful has the process been

20
Maintenance and reliability

• Management of risks
• Evaluation methods and key performance
  indicators for transmission maintenance, Paper
  C2-201, CIGRE Paris Session 2004
• Performance benchmarking

21
Maintenance and reliability

• Information strategies
• Tactical implications of information strategies
  to support asset management

22
Dynamic loading of electric power transmission
equipment

• Identify needs and requirements of system
  planners, operators and asset managers
• Identify limitations of key components and
  implications of dynamic loading
• Determine current practice, policies, risks, new
  technologies and developments
• Check adequacy of existing guidelines in meeting
  needs and limitations identify deficiencies in
  current information and knowledge prepare
  guidelines and recommendations

23
Session 2004

• Management of substations
• From development to end of life
• Optimising the use of assets operation,
  maintenance, refurbishment, upgrading,
  replacement
• Market driven needs and solutions unbundling,
  sharing, connection of independent generators
• Management of risk, physical security

24
Session 2004

• Focus on asset management strategies
  maintenance and refurbishment
• Technical aspects of substation equipment
• Substation operation
• Environmental impact of substations
• New concepts and layout approaches for
  substations
• Life cycle cost calculations for optimal
  technology and to optimise maintenance strategy

25
Session 2004

• Influence of maintenance strategy on life cycle
  cost
• Criteria for choice of maintenance method
• Effectiveness of maintenance strategy
• Outsourcing of maintenance
• Dynamic overloading
• Discrepency of life expectancy between primary
  and secondary equipment
• Use of IEC 61850

26
Session 2004

• Developments in substation technologies
• Innovative solutions, new concepts and functions
• Functional specifications
• Application of knowledge based systems
• Solutions to minimise impact on the environment

27
Session 2004

• Mixed technology switchgear
• Different solutions Improved installation time,
  flexibility, availability
• Reliability evaluations of different substation
  arrangements

28
Session 2004

• Inner city demand leads to integration of
  substation into building
• Environmental requirements
• Visual impact
• Responsible use of SF6
• Mobile substations