Analysing Morphemes

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Analysing Morphemes

• Lesson 7A

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Analysing morphemes

• You can do this in 2 ways
• By dividing it up with hyphens
• e.g. truth-ful-ness
• By using a tree diagram
• truth - ful - ness

N
A
N
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Dividing with hyphens

• Divide into base form morphemes
• truth one morpheme
• truthful base form bound morpheme
• truth-ful
• truthfulness base form bound bound
• truth-ful-ness

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Can you divide these words?

• Colourful
• Happiness
• Unbelievable
• Teacher
• Monster
• Rattlesnake

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Can you divide these words?

• Colourful colour-ful
• Happiness happi-ness
• Unbelievable un-believ-able
• Teacher teach-er
• Monster monster
• Rattlesnake rattle-snake

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Constructing tree diagrams (1)

• Divide the word into its constuent morphemes e.g.
  greed-i-ness
• Decide the root and its grammatical category
  greed noun (N)
• Decide the grammatical category of all the new
  words created by the other morphemes
• greedy adjective (A)
• greediness noun (N)

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Constructing tree diagrams (2)

• Write the divided word at the bottom of the page
• greed-i-ness
• Write the grammatical
• category of the root
• and join it to the word greed
• Write the grammatical
• category of all the
• new words created by
• the other morphemes greed-i greed-i-ness
• and join them up

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A
N
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Now write the word and connect up all the
categories. Can you label the boxes?
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Well done!
Greed gt Greedy gt Greediness
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Try this word - specification

• Can you divide it up with hyphens?
• specif-ic-ation
• specif- specify root

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What are the grammatical categories ?

• specif-ic-ation
• specify Verb
• specific Adjective
• specification Noun
• What will be the shape of the tree?

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Well done! Now label it
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Find the roots the following words

• unwholesome
• whole
• rulership
• rule
• underdeveloped
• develop
• overachiever
• achieve
• operational
• operate
• indispensable
• dispense

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Build the tree from the root

• un-whole-some
• whole

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Add the next word that is created
to the tree

• whole some
• this creates the new adjective wholesome
• whole - some

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A
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Add the next word that is created
to the tree

• un wholesome
• this creates the new adjective unwholesome
• un - whole-some

A
A
A
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Draw tree diagrams for the following words

• rul-er-ship
• under-develop-ed
• over-achiev-er
• operat-ion-al
• in-dispens-able

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Analysing compounds

• Compound nouns can be a single word with two base
  forms
• e.g. windmill wind mill
• rattlesnake rattle snake
• How do we analyse these ?

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Drawing a tree of a 1-word compound is easy

• Windmill noun
• Wind noun
• Mill noun
• wind-mill

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N
N
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black bird black-bird

• black bird blackbird
• is a noun phrase is a compound noun
• black bird black-bird
  

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NP
N
N
N
N
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Analysing 2-word compounds

• Compound nouns can also be made up of two words
• e.g. coffee table
• In this case you have to decide which word is the
  head and which word is the modifier

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Where is the head in these compounds

• coffee table
• swimming pool
• car park
• dish washer
• oven cleaner

• table
• pool
• park
• washer
• cleaner

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dish washer

• dish washer noun
• washer noun
• wash verb
• -er bound morpheme
• wash head
• What shape is the tree?

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Notice the label of the head
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Analyse and draw a tree

• Coffee table
• Swimming pool
• Car park