Chapter One

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Chapter One

• Biology The Study of Life

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I. Biology is the study of Life.
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II. What do Biologist do?

• A. Study diversity of life

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B. Research Diseases
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C. Develop Technologies
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D. Improve Agriculture
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E. Preserve the Environment
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III. Characteristics of Life

• A. Anything that has or once had all the
  characteristics of life is known as an organism.

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B. Characteristics Include

• 1. Composed of one or more cells
• Single-cell organisms have everything they need
  to be self-sufficient.
• In multicellular organisms, specialization
  increases until some cells do only certain
  things.

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• 2. Displays Organization
• Both molecular and cellular organization.
• Living things must be able to organize simple
  substances into complex ones.

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• Living things organize cells at several levels
• Tissue - a group of cells that perform a common
  function.

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• Organ - a group of tissues that perform a common
  function.
• Organ system - a group of organs that perform a
  common function.
• Organism - any complete living thing.

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• 3. Grows and Develops
• What is Growth?
• (1) Cell division - the orderly formation
  of new cells.
• (2) Cell enlargement - the increase in size
  of a cell.

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• b. What is Development?
• (1) all the changes that occur in life.

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• 4. Reproduces
• Reproduction is not essential for the survival of
  individual organisms, but must occur for a
  species to survive.

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All living things reproduce in one of the
following ways

• Sexual reproduction - Producing offspring by the
  joining of sex cells.

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• Asexual reproduction - Producing offspring
  without the use of gametes.

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• 5. Responds to stimuli
• Living things will make changes in response to a
  stimulus in their environment.

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• 6. Require energy
• Living things take in energy and use it for
  maintenance and growth.

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7. Maintains Homeostasis

• Organisms keep internal conditions stable.

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• 8. Adaptations evolve over time
• Adaptations are traits giving an organism an
  advantage in a certain environment.
• Variation of individuals is important for a
  healthy species

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• Gradual accumulations of adaptations over time is
  evolution.

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IV. The Nature of Science

• A. Science is a body of knowledge based on the
  study of nature and its physical settings.

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• B. Theory-an explanation of a natural phenomenon
  supported by observations and experiments over
  time

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• C. Science undergoes peer review -process by
  which the procedures and results of experiments
  are evaluated by scientists in the same field

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• D. Science in Everyday Life
• 1. forensics
• 2. ethics - A system
• defining right and
• wrong.

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• Here are just a few areas in life science that
  involve ethics

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Human life

• abortion
• euthanasia

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Heredity - parents and offspring
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Animal rights - animal rights vs human rights
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Genetics

• - genetic engineering
• manipulating genes
• cloning
• stem cells

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Use of the environment - at what financial cost
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V. The Methods of Biology
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A. Observing and Hypothesizing

• Inferences process of making logical
  conclusions
• Scientific methods used to gather information
  to answer questions

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B. Experimenting

• 1. Control group and experimental group
• 2. Independent Variable
• 3. Dependent Variable
• 4. Gathering Data
• (a) Numerical Data (quantitative)
• (b) Verbal Data ( qualitative or descriptive)
• 5. Analyze Data

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C. Conclusion

• 1. Publishing
• 2. Verifying Results
• 3. Revising!!!

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D. Tools used in Biology
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E. Safety in the Biology Lab