An Ontological Approach for the Management of Rights Data Dictionaries

1
An Ontological Approach for the Management of
Rights Data Dictionaries

• Roberto García, Jaime Delgado
• DMAG (Distributed Multimedia Applications Group)
• Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain

2
Contents

• Introduction
• MPEG-21 RDD
• OWL Mappings
• RDD Ontology

• Benefits
• Integrity
• Consistency
• Other
• Conclusions

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Introduction. Multimedia Content

• Identification
• Description
• Coding
• Business Models
• Distribution / Communication
• Digital Rights! (IPR, Intellectual Property
  Rights)

4
Introduction. DMR Issues

• Protection Copy protection, Watermarking,
• Information representation
• Metadata
• Rules (Rights expression language)
• Dictionary (Rights Data Dictionary)
• Negotiation Protocol
• Agreement Contract
• Control Passive and active

5
Introduction. DRM Standardistation

• Information representation
• Metadata
• Rules(Rights expression language)
• Dictionary(Rights Data Dictionary)
• Approaches MPEG-21, ODRL, CreativeCommons,
  CopyrightOntology,

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MPEG-21 RDD

• Moving Picture Experts Group
• MPEG-1 Standard for storage and retrieval of
  moving pictures and audio on storage media
• MPEG-2 Standard for digital television
• MPEG-4 Standard for multimedia applications
• MPEG-7 Standard for description and search of
  audio and visual content
• MPEG-21 Multimedia Framework

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MPEG-21 RDD

• Part 1 Vision, Technologies and Strategy
• Part 2 Digital Item Declaration
• Part 3 Digital Item Identification
• Part 4 Intellectual Property Management and
  Protection
• Part 5 Rights Expression Language
• Part 6 Rights Data Dictionary
• Part 7 Digital Item Adaptation
• Part 8 Reference Software
• Part 9 File Format
• Part 10 Digital Item Processing
• Part 11 Evaluation Methods for Persistent
  Association Technologies
• Part 12 Test Bed for MPEG-21 Resource Delivery
• Part 13 Scalable Video Coding
• Part 14 Conformance
• Part 15 Event Reporting
• Part 16 DID binarisation
• ?

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MPEG-21 RDD

• Rights expressions terms definitions.
• Informal ontology.
• Set of terms and terms relationships.

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MPEG-21 RDD
10
MPEG-21 RDD

• Term attributes
• Headword name.
• Synonym alternative names.
• Definition
• MeaningType Original, PartlyDerived or Derived.
• Comments

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MPEG-21 RDD

• Term relations
• Genealogy inheritance, domain and range
• Types class membership.
• Membership of Sets set membership.
• Family ActType to Context Model terms.
• ContextView Context Model semantics.

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MPEG-21 RDD

• Context Model

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OWL Mappings

• Formalise RDD semantics.
• OWL Web Ontology.
• Map terms attributes and relations to OWL
  constructs.

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OWL Mappings
Kind of RDF property
RDF Property
RDD Attribute
Predefined in RDF
rdfID
Headword
New property defined in RDDOnto
rddosynonym
Synonym
Predefined in Dublin Core RDFS
dcdescription
Definition
New property defined in RDDOnto
rddomeaningType
MeaningType
Predefined in RDFS Schema
rdfscomment
Comments
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OWL Mappings
RDF
RDD relation
rdfssubClassOf rdfssubPropertyOf
IsTypeOf
rdftype
IsA
rdfdomain
HasDomain
rdfrange
HasRange
rdfsmember
IsMemberOf
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OWL Mappings
OWL
RDD relation
rddohasQuality
Is
owlequivalentClass owlequivalentProperty owlsam
eIndividualAs
IsEquivalentTo
owlcomplementOf
IsOpposedTo
rddoisPartOf
IsPartOf
Inverse of owloneOf
IsAllowedValueOf
Inverse of rdfssubClassOf and rdfssubPropertyOf
HasType
owlinverseOf
IsReciprocalOf
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RDDOnto

• Parse RDD FDIS Table 3 Terms Definitions.
• Apply mappings.
• Generate OWL Ontology RDDOnto
• Complete RDDOnto OWL-Full
• Constrained RDDOnto OWL-DL

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RDDOnto. OWL-Full

• Classes 597
• Datatype Properties 3
• Object Properties 245
• Annotation Properties 3
• Individuals 811

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RDDOnto. OWL-DL

• Ignore classes as instances.
• Class to Class relations as AnnotationProperties.
• Relations for the Context Model.
• Alternative class Restrictions.

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RDDOnto

• Example Act hierarchy.

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Benefits. Integrity

• Integrity problems (undefined terms).
• Relationships HasCoChangedResource,
  icoInteractor, IsInteractorInContext,
  IsInteractorWith, IsInteractedWithBy,
  IsAllowedValueOf and IsDescriptionOf.
• Terms ContextModelTermSet, TS_2,
  CategorizingEvent, Categorized and
  RenderedAsFixation.
• Spelling errors PlaceOfCategorizeing,
  TimeOfCategorizeing and HaIsCategory.

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Benefits. Consistency

• Performed by logic reasoning tools (Description
  Logic reasoners).
• Check inconsistencies 320 inconsitencies
  detected.

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Benefits. Consistency

• Inconsistency examples (1/2)
• IsAgentActingOn has domain Agent.Its
  superproperty IsRelativeOf has domain Relative
  but it is not superclass of Agent
• BegetsAgentType has domain AgentType.Its
  superproperty IsBegetterOf has domain Begetter
  but it is not superclass of AgentType

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Benefits. Consistency

• Inconsistency examples (2/2)
• BegetsTimeType has range TimeType.Its
  superproperty IsRelativeOf has range BegottenTerm
  but it is not superclass of TimeType
• Has has range Haver.Its superproperty
  IsRelativeOf has range Relative but it is not
  superclass of Haver

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Benefits. Other

• Facilitate MPEG-21 implementation
• Semantic queries.
• DL classifiers for license checking.
• Ontology integration (RELOntos-RDDOnto).
• Standard usability
• Graphical views.
• Ontology editors.
• Etc.

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Conclusions

• RDDOnto (OWL Ontology for RDD)
• 2003 Contributed to MPEG, M10423
• Used by DMAG Reference Sotfware
• 2005 Update RDD FDIS
• 2005 RDD review and extension