Cells Vocabulary

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Cells Vocabulary

• By Sofia Guadagni

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Tissue

• A group of similar cells that work together to
  perform a specific job in the body.

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Organ

• A combination of two or more tissue that works
  together to perform a specific function in the
  body

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Organ Systems

• A group of organs that work together to perform
  body functions

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Unicellular

• Made of a single cell

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Multicellular

• Made of many cells

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Population

• A group of individuals of the same species that
  live together in the same area at the same time.

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Community

• All of the population of different species that
  live and interact in an area.

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Cell Membrane

• A philosophic layer that covers a cells surface
  and acts as a barrier between the inside of the
  cell and the cells environment

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Organelles

• A structure within a cell , sometimes surrounded
  by a membrane

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Cytoplasm

• Cellular fluid surrounding a cells organelles

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Nucleus

• The membrane covered organelle found in
  eukaryotic cell contains the cells DNA and
  services as a control center for the cell

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Cell Wall

• A structure that surrounds the cell membrane of
  some cells and provide strength to the cell
  membrane

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Ribosome

• A small organelle in cells where proteins are
  made from amino acids.

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Endoplasmic Reticulum

• A membrane covered cell organelle that produces
  lipids, breaks down drugs , and other substances
  and packages , proteins for delivery out of the
  cell.

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Mitochondria

• Cell organelles surrounded by two membranes that
  break down food molecules to make ATP

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Chloroplast

• A organelle found in a plant and algae cell where
  photosynthesis occurs

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Golgi Complex

• The cell that organelle that modifies packages
  and transports materials out of the cells.

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Vesicle

• A membrane covered compartment in a eukaryotic
  cell that forms when a part of the cell membrane
  surrounds an object and pinches it off.

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Vacuole

• A large membrane covered structure found in plant
  cells that serves as a stronger container for
  water and other liquids.

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Lysosome

• A special vesicle in a cell that digest food
  particles, waste, and foreign invaders.

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Bacteria

• Extremely small, single celled organisms without
  a nucleus prokaryotic cells.

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Cell theory

• Three statements that define all living things in
  terms of cells.

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Organism

• Anything that can independently carry out the
  life process.

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Hooke

• British scientist who first observed cells under
  the microscope

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What is the difference between prokaryotic and
Eukaryotic Cells?

• P cells
• No nucleus
• No membrane covered organelles
• Circular DNA
• Bacteria
• E Cells
• Nucleus
• Membrane covered organelles
• Linear DNA
• All other cells

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List 3 key ideas that make up cell theory .

• All cells are composed of one or more cells.
• The cell is the basic unit of life in all living
  things .
• All cells come from existing cells.

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State difference/ similarities of animals and
plant cells

• Found in Both
• Nucleus
• Ribosome
• Cell membrane
• Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Lysosome
• Mitochondria
• Golgi Complex
• Found only in plant cell
• Cell Wall
• Large Vacuole
• Chloroplast

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Osmosis

• The diffusion of water across a cell membrane

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Active Transport

• The movement of particles through proteins in the
  cell membrane against the direction of
  diffusionrequures the cell to use energy.

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Passive transport

• The diffusion of particle through proteins in the
  cell membrane from areas where the concentration
  of particles is high to areas where the
  concentration of particles is low

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Endocytosis

• The process in which a cell membrane surrounds a
  particle and encloses it in a vesicle to bring
  into a cell.

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Extocytosis

• The process used to remove large particles from a
  cell during Extocytosis , a vesicle containing
  the particles fuses with the cell membrane

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Chromosomes

• A coiled structure of DNA and protein that forms
  in a nucleus during cell division

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Binary Fission

• A simple cell division in which one cell splits
  into two used by bacteria

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Chromatids

• Identical chromosomes copies

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Centromere

• The region that holds chromatids together when a
  chromosome is duplicated.

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Homologous Chromosomes

• Chromosome with matching information

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Mitosis

• Nuclear division in a eukaryotic cells in which
  each cells receives a copy of the original
  chromosomes.