Fahrenheit vs' Centigrade

1

• Fahrenheit vs. Centigrade

2

• Celsius (Fahrenheit - 32) x 5/9
• Fahrenheit (Celsius x 9/5) 32

3

• How many degrees Celsius are 68 degrees
  Fahrenheit?
• replace Fahrenheit with 68 and solve for
  CelsiusC (68 - 32) x 5/9,C 36 x 5/9,C
  2020 C 68 F
• At what temperature are Celsius and Fahrenheit
  temperatures
• equal?
• replace both temperatures with "T" in one of the
  equations above
• and just solve for T
• T T x 9/5 32,-32 T T x 9/5,-32 T x
  4/5,-40 T-40 C -40 F

4
Aqueous Solutions
5
Concentration Based on Volume

• Molarity (M) the number of moles of solute per
  liter of solution
• wtg ? MWmoles
• 1 mmole 10-3 moles 1 mM
• 1 ?mole10-6 moles 1 ?M
• 1 nmole10-9 moles 1 nM
• 1 pmole10-12 moles 1 pM

6
Concentration Based on Volume

• Activity (a) the effective or apparent molarity
  of a solute
• a ? M
• Normality (N) the number of equivalents of
• solute per liter of solution
• wtg?EWequivalents
• EWMW ? n

7
Concentration Based on Volume

• Molarity and normality are related by
• N nM

8
Concentration Based on Volume

• Weight/Volume Percent ( w/v)
• Milligram Percent (mg)

9
Concentration Based on Volume

• Osmolarity the molarity of particles in solution

10
Concentration Based on Weight

• Weight/Weight Percent ( w/w)
• - Density (?) weight per unit volume
• Specific gravity (SG) density relative to water,
  Since the density of water is 1 g/ml, specific
  gravity is numerically equal to density
• wtgvolml x ? g/ml x (as decimal)

11
Concentration Based on Weight

• Vol. wt ? ? x

12
Concentration Based on Weight

• Molality (m) the number of moles of solute per
  1000 g of solvent
• Osmolality?

13
(No Transcript)
14

• Fahrenheit vs. Centigrade

15

• Fahrenheit vs. Centigrade

16

• Fahrenheit vs. Centigrade

17

• Fahrenheit vs. Centigrade