Pancreas

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Pancreas
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• Definition
• Pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine gland
• Situation
• Situated within the C loop of the duodenum
• Function
• The Exocrine part of the gland produces
  pancreatic juice and drains into the duodenum
• The endocrine part of it produces the hormone
  insulin and glucagon which are mixed with the
  blood directly

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• Structure
• Head, body and tail
• Head in the C curve of the duodenum
• Body almost horizontal behind the stomach
• Tail in front of the left kidney and reaches the
  spleen.

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• The exocrine part
• Lobules made of alveoli secretory cells
• Drained by tiny ducts
• Tiny ducts unite to form pancreatic duct.
• The pancreatic duct opens into the second part of
  duodenum at its midpoint.
• Just before it opens into the duodenum it is
  joined by the common bile duct to form hepato
  pancreatic duct
• The hepatopancreatic duct opens into the ampulla
  of Vater.
• The opening of the ampulla of Vater into the
  second part of the duodenum is controlled by
  sphincter of Oddi.(hepatopancreatic sphincter)

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• The endocrine part
• Islet cells of Langerhans a group of
  specialized cells distributed throughout the
  gland
• No ducts
• Hormones directly mix with blood
• Secrete insulin and glucagon

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• Blood supply
• Splenic artery from coeliac axis
• Mesenteric arteries
• Splenic vein ? portal vein
• Nerve supply
• Parasympathetic from vagus - incrases the
  secretion
• Sympathetic from coeliac ganglion. - depresses
  the secretion

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