Anatomy of Pancreas

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Anatomy of Pancreas

• Yuniarti
• Anatomy department
• Faculty of Medicine
• UNISBA

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Location of pancreas Pancreas is an elongated,
accessory digestive gland that lies
retroperitoneally Transversely across the
posterior abdominal wall posterior to the stomach
between duodenum on the right and the spleen on
the left.
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• The pancreas produce
• An exocrine secretion ( pancreatic juice from
  the acinar cells)
• that enter the duodenum through the main and
  accessory
• pancreatic ducts.
• Endocrine secretion (glucagon insulin) from
• the pancreatic islets (of langerhans) that
  enter blood.

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• Parts of pancreas
• Head
• Neck
• Body
• Tail

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• HEAD
• The expanded part of the gland that is embraced
  by the C shaped curve of the duodenum to the
  right of the superior mesenteric vessels.
• Firmly attaches to the medial aspect of the
  descending and horizontal parts of the duodenum.
• The head of the pancreas rests posteriorly on
  the IVC
• On its way to opening into the descending part of
  the duodenum, the bile duct lies in a groove on
  the posterosuperior surface of the head or is
  embedded in its substance.

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• NECK
• Short and overlies the superior mesenteric
  vessels, which form a groove in its posterior
  aspect.
• The anterior surface of neck, covered with
  peritoneum, is adjacent to the pylorus of the
  stomach.

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• BODY
• Continues from the neck and lies to the left of
  the superior mesenteric vessels,
• passing over the aorta and L2 vertebra
• The posterior surface of the body is devoid of
  peritoneum and is in contact
• with the aorta, SMA, left suprarenal gland
  and left kidney and renal vessels

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• TAIL
• Lies anterior to the left kidney, where it is
  closely related to the left kidney,where it is
  closely related to the splenic hilum and the left
  colic flexure.
• The tip of the tail is usually blunted and
  turned superiorly.

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• The main pancreatic duct
• Begins in the tail of the pancreas and runs
  through the parenchyma of the gland
• to the pancreatic head, here it turns
  inferiorly and is closely related to the bile
  duct.
• Most of the time, the main pancreatic duct and
  the bile duct unite to form the short,
• dilated hepatopancreatic ampulla (of vater),
  which opens into the descending part
• of the duodenum at the summit of the major
  duodenal papilla

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• Accessory pancreatic duct
• Opens into the duodenum at the summit of the
  minor duodenal papilla
• Usually (60) communicates with the main
  pancreatic duct

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• Smooth muscle sphincter that control the flow of
  bile pancreatic juice
• into duodenum
• - Sphincter of the pancreatic duct
• - Sphincter of the bile duct
• - Sphincter of hepatopancreatic (sphincter of
  Oddi)

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-The pancreatic arteries derive mainly from the
branches of the splenic artery -The anterior and
posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries,
branches of the gastroduodenal artery -The
anterior and posterior inferior
pancreaticoduodenal arteries, branches of the SMA
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The pancreatic veins
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The pancreatic lymphatic vessels follow the blood
vessel. Most of them end in the
pancreaticosplenic nodes that lie along the
splenic artery, but some vessels end in the
pyloric lymph nodes. Efferent vessels from these
nodes drain to the superior mesenteric lymph
nodes or to the celiac lymph nodes via the
hepatic lymph nodes.
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The nerves of the pancreas are derived from the
vagus and abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves.