Infection Control

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Infection Control

• Wanda Opland
• Health Careers Instructor
• JAMES VALLEY VOCATIONAL TECHNICAL CENTER

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Objectives

• Define, pronounce, and spell the key terms
• Differentiate between antisepsis, disinfection,
  and sterilization
• Demonstrate aseptic hand washing
• Demonstrate how to don and remove an isolation
  mask, gloves, and gown
• Identify the five ways microorganisms are spread
  of infection

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• Define OSHA and explain the agencys role in
  safety
• List conditions which enhance growth of
  microorganisms

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Microorganisms

• Organisms which can only be seen by a microscope
• To Live
• Warm temperature
• moisture
• darkness

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• Anaerobic
• microorganisms which live in an environment
  without oxygen
• Aerobic
• microorganisms which needs oxygen to live

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• Nonpathogenic
• a microorganism that does not cause disease
• Pathogenic
• a microorganism which is disease producing

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Pathogenic Microorganisms

• Bacteria
• can be treated with antibiotics
• Viruses
• smaller than bacteria
• cannot be treated with bacteria

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Pathogenic Microorganisms

• Protozoa
• larger than virus, grow within host cell
• Fungi
• low form of plant life, includes mold yeast

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Pathogen and disease

• Toxins
• some microorganisms produce poisons (toxins) that
  affect the body

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How Microorganisms Spread

• Direct Contact
• transmitted directly from one person to another
• Indirect contact
• transferred from one object to another

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How Microorganisms Spread

• Airborne
• carried in the air
• Oral route
• enters body through water, food dirty hands
• Insects and Pests
• picked up on insects and pests and transferred

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Signs and Symptoms

• Generalized
• involves the entire body
• Localized
• involves a single site

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Asepsis

• Asepsis
• free from or keeping away disease producing
  microorganisms
• Medical Asepsis
• to destroy the environment that allows pathogens
  to live, breed, and spread
• Aseptic technique
• methods used to make the environment, worker,
  and as germ free as possible

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Aseptic Techniques to prevent spread of disease

• Cross infection
• caused by infecting the patient with a new
  microorganism from another patient or health care
  worker
• Reinfection
• infection with the same microorganism that caused
  the original illness

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Aseptic Techniques to prevent spread of disease

• Self-innoculation
• infection by the patients own organisms
• An illness passing from the patient to the health
  care worker or from worker to patient

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Aseptic Technique

• Employees to be neat and clean
• Proper handling of all equipment
• Use sterile procedure when necessary

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Aseptic Technique

• Use proper cleaning solutions
• Bacteriostatic solutions slow or stops the
  growth of microorganisms
• Bactericidal solutions Kills microorganisms
• Hand washing
• Universal precautions

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Universal Precautions

• Precautions that protect the patient/client,
  co-workers, and community from infection
• Universal Precautions

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Universal Precautions

• Universal Precautions Techniques
• Wear gloves when
• touching blood
• touching mucous membranes
• performing veinipuncture
• touching body fluids of any kind

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• Body Fluids
• vaginal fluids or semen
• cerebrospinal fluid
• pleural fluid (fluid around lung)
• pericardial fluid (fluid around heart)
• synovial fluid (fluid in the joints)
• amniotic fluid (fluid around the fetus)
• placenta tissue
• saliva with blood in it

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• Wash hands after glove removal
• Protect clothing with apron or gown when
  splashing of blood or body fluids is possible
• Discard needles or other sharps in
  puncture-resistant container
• Do not recap needles or work with needles before
  disposal
• Waste and soild linen must be handled with care

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Controlling the spread of infections

• Sterilize
• make free from all living organisms
• Disinfection
• process of freeing from microorganisms by
  physical or chemical means
• Autoclaves
• sterilizers which use steam underpressure to kill
  all organisms

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Isolation Precautions

• Isolation
• condition of having limited contact with others
• Protective Isolation
• guarding workers and visitors from danger
• Reverse Isolation
• guarding the patient from danger

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Types of Isolation

• Respiratory Isolation
• protection from airborne droplets
• Skin and wound Isolation
• protection from open wounds, skin drainage

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Types of Isolation

• Enteric Isolation
• solid body wastes
• Strict Isolation
• complete protection
• Blood and body fluids