INTRODUCTION TO INFECTION CONTROL ICNO Infection Control Unit, Teaching Hospital, Jaffna.

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INTRODUCTION TO INFECTION CONTROLICNOInfection
Control Unit,Teaching Hospital,Jaffna.
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What is infection control?

• Infection control is a series of procedures and
  guidelines to prevent hospital associated
  infection. H.A.I

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Hospital acquired infections

• Acquired by patients during their stay in the
  hospital
• Neither present nor incubating at the time the
  patient was admitted to the health care facility
  and may appear even after the patient is
  discharged
• Symptoms appear usually 48-72 hours after
  admission

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Sources of infections

• Endogenous due to organisms in own flora.
• Eg group B streptococcal infections
• Exogenous infections acquired from outside.
• (Cross infections/HAI)
• -Infected or colonized patients/staff
• -Contaminated equipment/ medication
• -Environment surfaces, air, food, water

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HAI Why is it a problem?

• Caused by hospital bacteria Resistant to
  commonly used antibiotics
• Eg- MRSA (methicillin resistant
  staphylococcus aurous)
• ESBL (Extended-spectrum
  beta-lactamase)
• Have to use expensive drugs in their treatment
• Duration of infection is usually long
• Higher mortality
• Increased economic burden
• Quality of life
• Pain/suffering/ depression

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Types of HAI

• Urinary Tract Infections
• Respiratory Tract Infections ventilator
  associated pneumonia
• Surgical site Infections
• Septicaemia
• Skin Soft tissue Infections
• Meningitis -rare

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Causative organisms

• Gram negative bacilli- E.coli ,
• - Klebsiella
  spp
• - Serratia spp
• - Acinetobacter
  spp
• - Pseudomonas
  spp
• Gram positive cocci S. aureus (MRSA)
• - Enterococci
  (VRE)
• Gram positive bacilli Corynebacteria spp
• - Clostredium
  difficilli
• Candida spp

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Factors affecting HAI

• Age elderly very young patients
• Underlying Diseases
• Invasive procedures
• Immunosuppression Cytotoxic drugs
• Trauma , Burns
• Implants

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Routes of Spread of Infections

• Contact direct - hands
• - indirect via fomites
• Respiratory tract - air born particles lt5µ
• droplet
  particles gt5µ
• Faecooral food water
• - poor hygiene
• IV fluids medications
• Blood blood products
• Sharp injuries -occupational
• Splashes on to mucus membranes -occupational

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How are these infections transmitted?

• H.A.I may be transmitted by health care workers
  to patients, from patient to patient and from
  patient to health care workers.

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Prevention of Hospital Infections

• Many of these infection can be controlled
  following a set of very simple practical
  guidelines called stranded precaution.
• Elimination of source of infection
• Interruption of transmission
• Enhancing the host ability to resist infection

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STANDARD PRECAUTION

• 1.Hand hygiene
• 2.Use personal protective equipment PPE
• 3.Proper cleaning disinfection and sterilization
  of patient care equipment.
• 4.Environmental cleaning and disinfection when
  necessary.
• 5.Proper handling of linen.
• 6.Proper waste disposal.
• 7.Proper handing and disposal of sharps.
• 8.Occupational Health

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SPECIFIC MEASURES

• Facilities for hand washing and drying
• Adequate space
• Ventilation
• Isolation facilities
• Health care workers with out infection.
• Infection surveillance
• Antibiotic policy
• Liaison with infection control team
• Health education of staff, patients and visitors

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THANK YOU ICNOInfection Control
Unit,Teaching Hospital,Jaffna.