The Flow of Energy Through the Biosphere

1
The Flow of Energy Through the Biosphere
2
energy from the sun light
Photosynthesis
glucose
NIGHT
starch
glucose
DAY
Respiration
energy from glucose ATP
3
Important Plant Carbohydrates (Sugars)
glucose
Photosynthesis
Respiration
transport sucrose (glucose
fructose) disaccharide
storage starch (glucose) polysaccharide
structure cellulose (glucose) polysaccharide
?-linked
?-linked
4
cellulose
starch
Fig. 2-10, p. 22
5
fructose
glucose
H2O
H2O
sucrose
Fig. 2-9, p. 22
6
Respiration
C6H12O6 6 O2 ? 6 CO2 6 H2O
oxidation
reduction
7
lipids carbohydrates proteins
glycolysis TCA cycle
8
Cytoplasm
glucose
energy input
ATP
2
Glycolysis
(net)
2 NADH
2 pyruvate
2 CO2
2 NADH
4 CO2
TCA Cycle
6 NADH
ATP
2
2 FADH2
water
ATP
32
Electron transport phosphorylation
oxygen
Mitochondrion
Fig. 9-5, p. 138
9
glycolysis in cytoplasma
inner membrane site of electron transport ATP
synthesis
pyruvate enters mitochondria
outer membrane
matrix site of most of the TCA cycle
cristae
intermembrane space
Fig. 9-8a, p. 142
10
intermembrane space
inner membrane
outer membrane
cytoplasm
matrix
Fig. 9-8b, p. 142
11
inner membrane
pyruvate from cytoplasm
electron transport system
H
Coenzymes give up electrons, hydrogen (H) to
transport system
e-
NADH
acetyl-CoA
e-
NADH
H
TCA cycle
H
FADH2
As electrons pass through system, H is pumped
out from matrix
e-
carbon dioxide water
Oxygen accepts electrons, joins with 2H, forms
water
ATP synthesized
ATP
2
Pi
ADP
oxygen
H
INTERMEMBRANE space
H
MATRIX
H
H flows in
H
Fig. 9-8c, p. 142