EnerBuild%20RTD%20Thematic%20Network:%20

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Network Strategy Report - Solar Technologies

• Ongoing building sector changes social and
  economic factors
• 10 of total energy for heating and DHW now from
  solar energy
• Energy technologies
• mature, available, economic
• technologies under development
• technology gaps, future research priorities
• Exemplars good energy technologies good
  architecture
• Exemplars reinforce public appreciation of
  benefits
• Retrofit market new buildings only 1 - 2 of
  building stock
• Residential sector
• benefits for single family housing are clear
• potential in large scale residential is large -
  needs emphasis

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Network Strategy Report - Solar Technologies

• Rising electricity demand - especially in
  commercial buildings
• Construction costs of lean (low energy heating,
  cooling, and daylighting) buildings comparable
  with conventional
• Design costs will fall as experience is gained
• Local / regional initiatives
• sustainability policies
• balanced spatial planning, mix of uses, public
  transport
• district heating, cooling
• exemplary, energy-efficient public buildings
• European Union
• EU-wide action plan
• legislative changes trigger surges in technology
  uptake

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Network Strategy Report - Solar Technologies

• Bench-marking
• building codes that reflect environmental costs
• district level targets - flexibility in options
  for compliance
• Quality control
• building codes provide rules but dont define
  reality - Q.C. needed
• emphasis on actual performance rather than
  systems installed
• provide feedback on performance and facilitate
  comparison with predicted performance and with
  other buildings
• which concepts work best and why?
• Further research
• Retrofitting

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Network Strategy Report - Solar Technologies

• Further research
• research not limited to improving what already
  works
• research of new solutions is essential - free
  from market pressures
• public funding needed for basic research to
  broaden future options
• industry / research centre dialogue essential
  without dependency
• Retrofitting
• most buildings outlive the times and shortcomings
  of their creator
• changes in building sector take time to show
  effect
• cost effective integration of energy measures
  during refurbishment
• legislative and financing measures needed

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Network Strategy Report - Lighting

• Few, multi-national firms produce most lamps in
  large factories
• Publicly funded research has little impact
• Legislation can increase demand for high
  efficiency lighting
• Lamps for buildings
• halogen and incandescent - poor efficiencies,
  short life spans
• tubular fluorescent T5 electronic ballast
  considered most efficient
• high pressure sodium less efficient but good in
  some applications
• CFL efficient alternative to incandescent -
  special optics needed
• Developments anticipated in
• Light Emitting Diodes, metal halide lamps
• Luminaires efficiencies of 75 (85 with high
  reflection optics)
• Large savings possible with good lighting design

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Network Strategy Report - Lighting

• Daylighting costs in design, spec., const. of
  windows / spaces
• Glazing size, type energy balance heating,
  cooling, lighting
• Advanced glazing, shading, design of internal
  spaces
• Major barriers to good daylighting
• lack of awareness by clients, occupants
• low direct financial benefits
• long pay-back periods with some solutions
• few design teams able to achieve optimal
  daylighting design

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Network Strategy Report - Lighting

• Challenges
• high efficiency task lighting 600 lx on desk
  luminance control
• user-friendly automated controls with override
• well adapted solar shading to give needed
  luminance daylight
• façade systems for glare control and good
  daylight penetration
• roof systems with integrated solar protection

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Network Strategy Report - Lighting

• Design support
• daylighting simulation software adapted to CAD
• daylighting databases - materials, climatic data
• detailed design information from glazing,
  component manufacturers
• Stimulation of demand
• definition of reasonable standards for lighting
  power, consumption
• exemplars of high quality, low energy solutions

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Network Strategy Report - Lighting

• Most impressive progress to date
• development of high efficiency lamps by
  multi-national companies
• client awareness in some markets (Germany,
  Switzerland, etc.)
• Future high efficiency solutions depend on
• ability of lighting, window component industries
  to demonstrate energy and amenity benefits
• closer liaison between researchers and
  manufacturers to identify best technologies /
  techniques and promote benefits

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Network Strategy Report - Mech. Heating Cooling

• Components
• recent focus on cost and energy efficiency
• trend towards packaged, pre-tested equipment
  (esp. ventilation)
• heat recovery now commonplace
• high efficiency condensing gas boilers now
  standard
• heat pumps technology advancing, new
  refrigerants needed
• Future lies in integrating components into
  efficient systems
• Systems
• all elements that influence internal climate -
  façade to mech. plant
• emphasis varies with climatic conditions

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Network Strategy Report - Mech. Heating Cooling

• Future development
• use of ventilation systems likely to increase
  with need for greater IAQ, especially in urban
  areas.
• limited information available on low pressure
  heat loss recovery systems and the behaviour of
  filters at reduced face velocity
• Health
• IAQ and particulate filtration likely to gain
  momentum
• research into harmful effects of particulates
  (size, etc) needed
• Sustainability
• ground water heat pumps for cooling
• water conservation / reuse

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Network Strategy Report - Mech. Heating Cooling

• Summary
• Focus on integrated systems
• Feedback on installations and lessons learnt
• Low pressure systems
• Health guidelines
• Ground source cooling and water conservation

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Network Strategy Report - PV in Buildings

• PV in second decade
• many examples show good functionality and
  building integration
• potential for prestigious applications and
  simpler roof applications
• wide range of products available
• Current trends
• power supply issues are main focus - less
  emphasis on BIPV
• 100,000 roofs and guaranteed PV electricity
  prices successful
• similar actions in NL, CH, Italy, but further
  coordination needed
• roof mounted PV market is more important that PV
  facades
• Much development needed to achieve commercial
  products

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Network Strategy Report - PV in Buildings

• Conclusions
• much development in high quality BIPV is still
  needed
• strong trend in pre-fabricated BIPV in several
  Member States
• many marketing strategies tried but little
  coordination
• main focus is on safety, performance - little in
  building integration
• Future RTD needs
• guidelines / requirements on functional and
  aesthetic integration
• LCA, eco-performance (energy and material
  balance)
• costs and performance of whole chain from cell to
  grid connection
• improved, innovative PV roofing technology
  better marketing
• cell and module technology for low cost
  manufacturing
• cost reductions links with other RTD projects
  worldwide

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Network Strategy Report - Building Components

• Windows and facades
• major developments is past decade in thermal,
  light transmission performance and time-variable
  properties (switchable glazing, etc)
• shift in focus from winter comfort to indoor
  climate and energy
• change from poorly performing elements to
  advanced components
• integrated design - working in harmony with HVAC,
  lighting
• major new opportunities in indoor climate and
  energy performance
• Other components
• less spectacular development in energy
  performance generally
• exceptions vacuum insulation, elimination of
  conventional house heating systems - greater
  emphasis on building skin performance

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Network Strategy Report - Building Components

• The market
• wide range of window and façade systems, products
• uptake varies widely across EU but different from
  10 years ago
• marginal uptake of variable glazing, hybrid PV -
  due to cost
• Future challenges
• substantial improvements still needed
• vacuum glazing for large applications but edge
  losses, condensation
• reliable climate façade concepts with optimised
  performance
• attractive solutions for integration or
  renewables in facades

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Network Strategy Report - Building Components

• Design support
• whole building design support and evaluation
  increasingly needed
• window, façade performance influenced by
  occupancy, esp. housing
• support for climate facades for better comfort
  and energy use
• design support for opaque elements is easier
  except where no conventional heating system is
  used
• Standards, regulations
• need for more integrated performance assessment
  methods
• common (EN) standards are interpreted differently
  in Member States
• not possible to assess advanced systems using
  current standards
• optimisation and standardisation of assessment
  procedures needed

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Network Strategy Report - Building, Urban Design

• Changes in focus
• from energy in buildings to sustainable design
• from single buildings to urban and brown field
  settings
• Sustainable design
• minimise energy wastage (construction materials,
  water, etc.)
• rational use of energy - passive solar design in
  new build and retrofit
• implementation or renewable energy strategies

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Network Strategy Report - Building, Urban Design

• Key issues
• integration
• capacity building
• dissemination
• Research needs
• establishment of targets
• development of design tools
• dissemination

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Network Strategy Report - Building, Urban Design

• Sustainable design
• whole life analysis
• embodied energy in construction materials can be
  5 times annual
• PV may have 2 year energy pay back but much
  longer cost pay back
• materials renewable or finite, long/short life
• adaptable design, flexibility - loose fit
• microclimate overshadowing, winds, air and noise
  pollution
• Better urban microclimates - better use of
  natural ventilation
• effects on health, comfort and energy use of air
  quality, lighting, natural ventilation, solar
  gains

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Network Strategy Report - Building, Urban Design

• Key issues
• integration of active (RES) and passive (RUE)
  energy systems
• integration of local, national and international
  scales
• local traditions, skills, materials
• integration of technical issues with social and
  aesthetic concerns
• stimulating design opportunities offered by
  energy-efficient design
• capacity building increase awareness and
  expertise through training
• dissemination exemplars, technologies,
  products/systems

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Network Strategy Report - Building, Urban Design

• Research needs
• establish appropriate targets
• through education, training, dissemination,
  legislation
• sustainability indicators
• life cycle assessment
• ongoing building performance assessment
• performance of building elements and materials
• Design tools
• refurbishment
• urban scale assessment
• IAQ and improved comfort assessment

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