The National Polarorbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System NPOESS Program Overview and Sy

1
The National Polar-orbiting Operational
Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS)
Program Overview and System PerformanceScott
Turek/Jim Valenti

• March 10, 2004

2
The Challenge of Meteorological Satellite
Convergence

• Eight major Convergence Studies (1972-1991)
• Examined consolidation of
• DoDs Defense Meteorological Satellite Program
  (DMSP)
• DOCs Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental
  Satellite (POES) Program
• Primarily motivated by budget reduction/cost
  savings pressures
• Studies resulted in retaining two separate
  programs
• Deemed highly complementary however
• Remained separate primarily due to over-riding
  policy issues
• Similar spacecraft with many common components
  and subsystems
• Some measure of modest coordination/cost-savings
  achieved

Policy and programmatic benefits of two separate
systems outweighed projected cost savings
advantages
3
The Challenge of Meteorological Satellite
Convergence (contd)

• With end of Cold War (1993)
• Heightened Congressional Interest
• Congressman George Brown, Jr. Chairman of the
  House Committee on Space, Science, and Technology
• Sen J. James Exon, Armed Services Commerce,
  Science, and Technology Budget Committees
• Heightened Executive Branch Interest
• Vice President Gores National Performance Review
  (NPR), Sept 1993
• Presidential Decision Directive, NSTC-2, signed
  May 1994, directed convergence
• Reduce the cost of acquiring and operating
  polar-orbiting environmental satellite systems,
  while continuing to satisfy U.S. operational
  requirements for data from these systems

Achievement of significant cost savings while
still satisfying civil and military mission
requirements now a driving priority
4
Evolutionary Roadmap
1960 - 2010
2000 - 2010
2010 2020
NPP (NPOESS Preparatory Project)
NPOESS (National Polar-orbiting Operational
Environmental Satellite System)
DMSP (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program)
POES (Polar Orbiting Operational Environmental
Satellites)
EOS (Earth Observing System)
Sensor data rate 1.5 Mbps Data latency 100-150
min. 1.7 GigaBytes per day (DMSP) 6.3
GigaBytes per day (POES)
15 Mbps sensor data rate Data latency 100-180
min. Data availability 98 Ground revisit time
12 hrs. 2.6 TeraBytes per day (EOS) 2.4
TeraBytes per day (NPP)
20 Mbps sensor data rate Data latency 28
min. Data availability 99.98 Autonomy
capability 60 days Selective encryption/deniabil
ity Ground revisit time 4-6 hrs. 8.1 TeraBytes
per day
NPOESS Satisfies Evolutionary Program Needs with
Enhanced Capabilities
5
Tri-Agency Management Structure

• Policy Guidance
• Agency Sustained Support
• Program Execution Oversight
• Requirements Review and Approval

Deputy Administrator

• Day-to-Day Program Management
• Requirements Baseline Control
• Program Financial Management
• Contractor Insight

System Program Director
Associate Director for Acquisition
Associate Director for Technology Transition
Associate Director for Operations
Integrated Program Office

• Define Requirements
• Integrated Into IPO IPTs for Insight and Support

Operational Users
Clearly Defined Roles, Responsibilities and
Authority
6
NPOESS Memorandum of AgreementHighlights

• NPOESS Program Organization and Responsibilities
• Executive Committee (EXCOM)
• Integrated Program Office (IPO)
• Agency Responsibilities
• DOC overall lead for converged program lead
  role for operations support
• DOD lead role for acquisition support
• NASA lead role for technology transition
• Requirements (Validation and Approval)
• Integrated Operational Requirements Document
  (IORD)
• Joint Agency Requirements Council (JARC)
• Senior Users Advisory Group (SUAG)
• NPOESS Management and Processes
• Acquisition Management Plan Technology
  Transition Management Plan
• Operations Plan Funding Management Plan
• Organizational Management Plan

The Binding Charter and Terms of Reference
Governing the NPOESS Program
7
NPOESS EDR-to-Sensor Mapping
Cloud Top Pressure
Atm Vert Moist Profile
Precipitable Water
Atm Vert Temp Profile
Precipitation Type/Rate
Cloud Top Temperature
Down LW Radiance (Sfc)
Imagery
Pressure (Surface/Profile)
Sea Surface Temperature
Down SW Radiance (Sfc)
Sea Ice Characterization
Electric Fields
Sea Surface Winds
Sea SFC Height/TOPO
Soil Moisture
Electron Density Profile
Snow Cover/Depth
Energetic Ions
Aerosol Optical Thickness
Solar Irradiance
Aerosol Particle Size
Geomagnetic Field
Supra-Therm-Aurora Prop
Ice Surface Temperature
Aerosol Refractive Index
Surface Type
In-situ Plasma Fluctuation
Albedo (Surface)
Active Fires (Application product)
Auroral Boundary
In-situ Plasma Temp
Surface Wind Stress
Ionospheric Scintillation
Auroral Energy Deposition
Suspended Matter
Med Energy Chgd Parts
Auroral Imagery
Total Water Content
Land Surface Temp
Cloud Base Height
Vegetative Index
Net Heat Flux
Cloud Cover/Layers
LEGEND
Net Solar Radiation (TOA)
Cloud Effective Part Size
Neutral Density Profile
Cloud Ice Water Path
VIIRS (24)
GPSOS (2)
CMIS (19)
ERBS (5)
Cloud Liquid Water
Ocean Color/Chlorophyll
TSIS (1)
CrIS/ATMS (3)
Cloud Optical Thickness
Ocean Wave Character
ALT (3)
OMPS (1)
Outgoing LW Rad (TOA)
Cloud Particle Size/Distrib
SES (13)
APS (4)
O3 Total Column Profile
Cloud Top Height
- Key Performance Parameters
8
NPOESS Enhancement Products(Pre-Planned Product
Improvement P3I)

• Tropospheric Winds
• CH4 Column
• CO Column
• CO2 Column
• Optical Background
• All Weather Day/Night Imagery
• Sea and Lake Ice
• Littoral Currents
• Coastal Ocean Color
• Bioluminescence Potential
• Coastal Sea Surface Temperature

• Coastal sea Surface Winds
• Coastal Sea Surface Height
• Coastal Imagery
• Ocean Wave Characteristics
• Surf Conditions
• Bathymetry (Deep Ocean Near Shore)
• Salinity
• Oil Spill Location
• Vertical Hydrometer Profile
• Neutral Wind

9
Tri-agency Effort to Leverage and Combine
Environmental Satellite Activities

• Mission
• Provide a national, operational, polar-orbiting
  remote-sensing capability
• Achieve National Performance Review (NPR) savings
  by converging DoD and NOAA satellite programs
• Incorporate new technologies from NASA
• Encourage International Cooperation

0530
1330
0930
Local Equatorial Crossing Time
Saves as Much as 1.3 Billion from the Cost of
Previously Planned Separate Developments
10
NPOESS Acquisition and Operations (AO) Overview

• Contract awarded on August 23, 2002 to Northrop
  Grumman Space Technology
• Contract consists of
• 6 satellites
• Taking over all government instrument contracts
• Buying all leveraged instruments
• Integrating Government-provided instruments (ADCS
  and SARSAT)
• Building and deploying all ground segments
• Command, Control and Communications (C3)
• Interface Data Processing (IDP)
• Software for worldwide users (field terminals)
• System Operations through IOC (2011)
• with option to 2019

A Shared System Performance Responsibility
(SSPR) Contract
11
NPOESS Vision

• The IPO and NGST- Raytheon Team
• working in a spirit of shared ownership
• to develop and deploy
• the single, national, polar-orbiting
  environmental
• remote-sensing capability
• to meet next generation civil and military needs

A Single Government -- Contractor Team with a
Common Vision, Mission, and Objective
12
Program Schedule

• 2002 AO Contract Award
• 2003 NPP Delta Critical Design Review
• 2005 NPOESS ?Preliminary Design Review
• 2006 NPOESS Critical Design Review
• NPP Ground Readiness
• 2006 NPP Launch
• 2009 NPOESS Ground Readiness
• 2009 NPOESS C1 Launch
• 2011 NPOESS C2 Launch
• Field Terminal Segment Readiness
• Initial Operational Capability
• 2013 NPOESS C3 Launch

Reliable and timely collection, delivery, and
processing of quality environmental data
13
Comprehensive Risk Reduction

• Validate technological approach to remote sensing
• Early delivery of NPOESS data to users
• Sensor demonstrations on non-operational
  platforms
• Lower risk to operational users
• Lower risk of launch delays due to
• operational schedule
• Share cost risk among agencies

Proteus
WindSat
NASA ER2 / NAST
LORE
SOLSE
14
Real-Time Operational Demonstrations
NPP (2006) CrIS/ATMS VIIRS OMPS
WindSat (2003) CMIS
Aqua (2002) AIRS/AMSU/HSB MODIS
METOP (2005) IASI/AMSU/MHS AVHRR
NPOESS (2009) CrIS/ATMS, VIIRS, CMIS, OMPS
ERBS
Use of Advanced Sounder Data for Improved Weather
Forecasting/Numerical Weather Prediction
NOAA Real-Time Data Delivery Timeline Ground
Station Scenario
NWS/NCEP GSFC/DAO ECMWF UKMO FNMOC Meteo-France BM
RC-Australia Met Serv Canada
NOAA Real-time User
NWP Forecasts
IDPS
C3S
Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation
15
NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP)Joint IPO-NASA
Risk Reduction Demo

• NPP Spacecraft contract awarded to Ball Aerospace
  May 2002
• Instrument Risk Reduction 2006 Launch
• Early delivery / instrument-level test /
  system-level integration and test
• VIIRS - Vis/IR Imager Radiometer Suite (IPO)
• CrIS - Cross-track IR Sounder (IPO)
• ATMS - Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder
  (NASA)
• OMPS Ozone Mapping and Profile Suite (IPO)
• Provides lessons learned and allows time for any
  required modifications before NPOESS first
  launch
• Ground System Risk Reduction
• Early delivery and test of a subset of
  NPOESS-like ground system elements
• Early User Evaluation of NPOESS data products
• Provides algorithms / instrument verification and
  opportunities for instrument calibration /
  validation prior to first NPOESS launch
• Allows for algorithm modification prior to first
  NPOESS launch
• Continuity of data for NASAs EOS Terra/Aqua/Aura
  missions

16
Satellite Transition ScheduleSlopes indicate
10-90 need
CY
99
00
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
03
08
09
10
01
02
07
04
05
06


C6
0530
C3
NPOESS
DMSP
F16
F15
C4
0730 - 1030
NPOESS
DMSP
17
POES
METOP
EOS-Terra
Local Equatorial Crossing Time
1330
N
C2
N
16
C5
POES
NPOESS
Earliest Need to back-up launch
?------------- 10 Year Mission Life
-------------?
? ? Potential coverage gap
NPOESS Mission Satisfaction
FY
99
00
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
03
08
09
10
01
02
07
04
05
06
As of 22 May 03
17
NPOESS Mission Objectives and User Needs Drive
System Performance
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NPOESS Operational Concept
2. Downlink Raw Data
1. Sense Phenomena
3. Transport Data to Centrals for Processing
Global fiber network connects 15 receptors to
Centrals
4. Process Raw data into EDRs and Deliver to
Centrals
Monitor and Control Satellites and Ground Elements
AFWA
NESDIS
MMC (Suitland) Schriever MMC
FNMOC
NAVO
Full Capability at each Central
19
NPOESS Architecture
TDRSS
TDRSS
GPS
SpaceSegment
NPOESSSpacecraft
NPP (1030)
ADCS
1330
1730
2130
Residuals
SARSAT
Svalbard Primary TC NPP SMD
C3Segment
White Sands Complex LEO A Backup TC
HRD Field Terminal
LRD FieldTerminal
FieldTerminal Segment
CLASS
SDS
ADS
NESDIS
AFWA
FNMOC
NAVO
15 Globally DistributedReceptor Sites
Interconnectedby Commercial Fiber

Patent Pending
Interface Data Processing Segment
MMC at Suitland Mission Operations Team
Enterprise Management Mission Management
Satellite Operations Data Monitoring
Recovery
Schriever MMC Contingency Operations Team
One full set resides in each of the 4
Centrals
Data Handling Node, Front End Processor
NPOESS Stored Mission Data
One full set resides in each of the 4 Centrals
NPP Stored Mission Data
Command and Telemetry
20
SafetyNet The Key to Low Data Latency and High
Data Availability
SafetyNet -- 15 globally distributed SMD
receptors linked to the centrals via commercial
fiber -- enables low data latency and high data
availability
21
SafetyNet Architecture

21
Patent Pending
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Average Data Latency
Latency (minutes)
24
NPOESS EDR Processing Timeline
End-to-End EDR Latency
Requirement 95 of data delivered within 28
min Capability 24.1 min
Requirement data delivered in lt15 min at least
77 of the time Capability 80.3
Capability average lt 10 min
Capability earliest data delivered lt 3 min
25
NPOESS Satellite
1330 1730 2130 VIIRS X X X CMIS X X X CrIS X
X ATMS X X SESS X GPSOS X OMPS X ADCS X X SARSAT
X X X ERBS X SS X X X ALT X TSIS X APS X
Single Satellite Design with Common Sensor
Locations
26
NPOESS Sensors

• VIIRS Visible / Infrared Imager / Radiometer
  Suite
• CMIS Conical Scanning Microwave Imager /
  Sounder
• CrIS Cross-track Infrared Sounder
• ATMS Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder
• SESS Space Environment Sensor Suite
• GPSOS GPS Occultation Sensor
• OMPS Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite
• ADCS Advanced Data Collection System
• SARSAT Search and Rescue Satellite-Aided Tracking
• APS Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor
• ERBS Earth Radiation Budget Sensor
• SS Survivability Sensor
• ALT Radar Altimeter
• TSIS Total Solar Irradiance Sensor

27
Development Sensor Highlights

• Visible/Infrared Imager / Radiometer Suite
  (VIIRS)
• Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing
• 0.4 km imaging and 0.8 km radiometer resolution
• 22 spectral bands covering 0.4 to 12.5 mm
• Automatic dual VNIR and triple DNB gains
• Spectrally and radiometrically calibrated
• EDR-dependent swath widths of 1700, 2000, and
  3000 km
• Conical Scanning Microwave Imager / Sounder
  (CMIS) Boeing Space Systems
• 2.2 m antenna
• RF imaging at 6, 10, 18, 36, 90, and 166 GHz
• Profiling at 23, 50 to 60, 183 GHz
• Polarimetry at 10, 18, 36 GHz
• 1700 km swath width
• Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) ITT Fort
  Wayne
• 158 SWIR (3.92 to 4.64 mm) channels
• 432 MWIR (5.71 to 8.26 mm) channels
• 711 LWIR (9.14 to 15.38 mm) channels
• 3x3 detector array with 15 km ground
  center-to-center
• 2200 km swath width

28
Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite
29
Conical-scanning Microwave Imager/Sounder
30
Development Sensor Highlights (cont.)

• Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS)
  Northrop Grumman
  Electronics
• CrIS companion cross track scan
• Profiling at 23, 50 to 57, 183 GHz
• Surface measurements at 31.4, 88, 165 GHz
• 1.1, 3.3, and 5.2 deg (SDRs resampled)
• 2300 km swath width
• Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) Ball
  Aerospace Technologies Corp
• Total ozone column 300 to 380 nm with 1.0 nm
  resolution
• Nadir ozone profile 250 to 310 nm with 1.0 nm
  resolution
• Limb ozone profile 290 to 1000 nm with 2.4 to 54
  nm resolution
• Swath width of 2800 km for total column
• Global Positioning System Occultation Sensor
  (GPSOS) Saab Ericsson
• RF receiver/processor of GPS signals at 1575.42
  and 1227.60 MHz
• Velocity, anti-velocity and nadir views
• Electron density profile in ionosphere primary
  measurement
• Ionospheric scintillation
• Tropospheric/stratospheric sounding

31
Leverage Sensor Highlights

• Radar Altimeter (ALT) Alcatel
• Measures range to ocean surface with a radar at
  13.5 GHz
• Corrects for ionosphere with 5.3 GHz radar
• Corrects for atmosphere with CMIS water vapor
  measurements
• Precise orbit determination with GPS
• Earth Radiation Budget Sensor (ERBS)
  Northrop Grumman Space
  Technology
• Three spectral channels
• Total radiation measurement 0.3 to 50 mm
• Shortwave Vis and IR measurement 0.3 to 5 mm
• Longwave IR measurement 8 to 12 mm
• Total Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS)
  University of
  Colorado Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space
  Physics (LASP)
• Two sensors for total irradiance (TIM) and
  spectral irradiance (SIM)
• TIM measures total solar irradiance
• SIM measures spectral irradiance 200 to 2000 nm
• Pointing platform and sensor suite to be provided
  by CU LASP

32
Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite
33
Highlights of Other Sensors

• Space Environment Sensor Suite (SESS)
  Ball Aerospace Technologies Corp
• Sensor suite collecting data on particles,
  fields, aurora, and ionosphere
• Suite includes a UV disk imager (BATC), EUV limb
  imager (BATC), charged particle detectors
  (Amptek/U. of Chicago), thermal plasma sensors
  (UTD), a magnetometer (MEDA), and a coherent
  beacon sensor (AIL)
• Advanced Data Collection System (ADCS) and Search
  and Rescue Satellite-Aided Tracking (SARSAT)
• GFE to NPOESS from France and Canada
• ADCS supports global environmental applications
• SARSAT collects distress beacon signals
• Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor (APS)
  Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing
• Aerosol characterizations of size, single
  scattering albedo, aerosol refractive index,
  aerosol phase function
• Multispectral (broad, 0.4 to 2.25 mm)
• Multiangular (175 angles)
• Polarization (all states)

34
Launch Support Segment

• EELV compatible
• EELV-M 4-meter fairing accommodates satellite
• Satellite design compliant with Delta IV and
  Atlas V
• Baseline is Delta IV out of Vandenberg AFB
• Sun-synch 828 km orbit
• No launch vehicle design integration issues
• Standard electrical, mechanical interfaces
• Interface control, with launch service contractor
• Launch processing planned NPOESS will be third
  EELV launch for NGST team
• Transportation
• Facilities
• Processing
• Launch

Delta IV
Atlas V
Standard Interfaces Ease Integration with Both
Launch Vehicles
35
Command, Control, and Communications (C3) Segment
Design
Legend
C3S
GS Element
DRR Element
SMD
SMD
IDPS
TC
Backup
DRR SMD data handling and front-end processing at
Central
Space Segment
Schriever MMC
Enterprise management
Mission Management Center (MMC) Element
SMD
15 Receptors
Data monitor and recovery
DRR interface and routing
McMurdo only
S-TLM
NPOESS
Stored telemetry analysis
HRD/LRD Monitor
CMD
Satellite operations
TLM/CMD
CMD/ TLM
TLM
Flight vehicle simulator
Ground operations
NPP
Svalbard
DRR TC front-end processing at MMC
Mission management
Orbit operations
TDRS
WSC
Low-cost, reliable, and timely data delivery with
flexibility to accommodate system growth and
technology insertion
36
C3 Segment Design

• GS element provides reliable and timely
  space-ground connectivity
• Svalbard Polar GS for NPP SMD, NPP/NPOESS TC,
  HRD/LRD monitoring
• Global receptors for NPOESS SMD
• WSC for LEOA, emergency backup, and NPP
  calibrations
• DRR element provides reliable and secure data
  delivery
• Svalbard fiber to CONUS
• CONUS wide-area network
• Data handling and front-end processing of SMD at
  each IDP Central
• Front-End Telemetry and Command Encryption
  Processing at MMC
• Local network infrastructure at each site
• MMC element provides insight and oversight of
  total operations
• Mission operations planning, monitoring, and
  control
• Satellite and C3S ground resource management
• Computer storage infrastructure at each site
• Primary MMC used initially for NPP with
  operations expanded for NPOESS
• Schriever MMC comes online prior to launch of the
  first NPOESS satellite

37
SafetyNet Provides Flexibility

• 15 global receptors provide multiple data
  delivery path, high availability
• Unmanned receptors centrally controlled by
  Mission Management Center
• Extremely robust meets system performance with 6
  simultaneous receptor failures
• Receptors at fiber entry points with timely data
  delivery
• Leverages high bandwidth commercial fiber, cost
  effective delivery

38
Interface Data Processing Segment (IDPS)
Functional Diagram
39
Field Terminal Segment Architecture

NPOESS HRD or LRD
NPP HRD
Signal Processing Subsystem (SPS)
Mission Application Subsystem (MAS)
Data Processor Element (DPE)
FT Technical Specification
Field Terminal Segment

Internet
Mission Support Data Server
40
FTS EDR Performance

• HRD EDR Performance
• 99 of EDR performance attributes meet or exceed
  performance thresholds
• Analysis shows latency requirements achievable
  with current COTS workstations
• As with the IDPS software, the FT software adapts
  to missing channel data or missing ancillary data
  and uses graceful degradation rules
• LRD EDR Performance
• Meets key users needs 0.8 km resolution imagery
  and programmable downlink
• Produces the 8 high priority EDRs at or near LRD
  objective levels
• Produces all 15 lower priority EDRs and required
  predecessor EDR products
• Designed to automatically recognize missing
  channels and ancillary data

Flexibility to Keep Pace with Changing Needs
41
Summary
Fast Data Delivery

Existing commercial communications networks
Affordable High Performance with Low Risk
Technology
42
Questions
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