National Polarorbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System NPOESS System Overview

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National Polar-orbiting OperationalEnvironmental
Satellite System(NPOESS)System Overview

• Brian ChappelNorthrop Grumman

Gerard WittmanRaytheon
October 27, 2005
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Were going a long way The Historical Context
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NPOESS Mission

• Provide a national, operational, polar-orbiting
  remote-sensing capability
• Achieve National Performance Review (NPR) savings
  by converging DoD and NOAA satellite programs
• Incorporate new technologies from NASA
• Encourage international cooperation

Tri-agency Effort to Leverage and Combine
Environmental Satellite Activities
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NPOESS Requirements
Convergence of Alternatives

• Integrated Operational Requirements Document
  (IORD-II)
• 55 Data Products
• 21 Enhancement Products
• 2 System Characteristic KPPs
• Validated by User AgenciesDec 2001

Convergence of Requirements
Converged Requirements Provide Foundation for
Combined Program
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The Evolution to NPOESS
1960 - 2010
2000 - 2010
2010 2020
NPP (NPOESS Preparatory Project)
NPOESS (National Polar-orbiting Operational
Environmental Satellite System)
DMSP (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program)
POES (Polar Orbiting Operational Environmental
Satellites)
EOS (Earth Observing System)
Sensor data rate 1.5 Mbps Data latency 100-150
min. 1.7 Gigabytes per day (DMSP) 6.3
Gigabytes per day (POES)
15 Mbps sensor data rate Data latency 100-180
min. Data availability 98 Ground revisit time
12 hrs. 2.6 Terabytes per day (EOS) 2.4
Terabytes per day (NPP)
20 Mbps sensor data rate Data latency 28
min. Data availability 99.95 Autonomy
capability 60 days Ground revisit time 4-6
hrs 8.1 Terabytes per day
NPOESS satisfies evolutionary program needs with
enhanced capabilities
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NPOESS Concept of Operations
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NPOESS Driving Requirements
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Pre-Planned Product Improvement (P3I) EDR
Candidates
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NPOESS Performance
System Requirement Categories
Performance vs. Specification
Data Quality (EDR Attributes)
206 attributes above, 799 at, 49 below spec
SMD/HRD
36 attributes above, 557 at, 20 below spec
LRD
Data Latency
Spec
TRD Threshold
TRD Objective
28 min
SMD, 95
95_at_90 min
100_at_15
77
21.2 min
SMD, 15 min
87.9
HRD/LRD
15 min
15 min
10 min
99.99
99.95
Data Availability
99
100
94.3
Operational Availability
93
95
95.6
Data Access (and Autonomy)
Comply
Interoperability
SARSAT and A-DCS
Comply
Endurance/Survivability
Exceed 10 years life
Non-EDR System Requirements
760 requirements at or above, 10 below spec
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NPOESS Architecture
GPS
TDRSS
TDRSS
SpaceSegment
A-DCS
SARSAT
NPP 2230
NPOESSSatellites
Residuals
2130
1330
1730
C3Segment
Svalbard Primary TC NPP SMD
White Sands Complex LEOA Backup TC
HRD Field Terminal
LRD FieldTerminal
FieldTerminal Segment
LTA
SDS
Offline Support
NESDIS
AFWA
FNMOC
NAVO
Data Del
Data Del
Data Del
Data Del
15 Globally DistributedReceptor Sites
Interconnectedby Commercial Fiber
DQM
Process
Process
Process
Process
Infra
Infra
Infra
Infra
TM
Data Mgt
Data Mgt
Data Mgt
Data Mgt
Ingest
Ingest
Ingest
Ingest
Launch SupportSegment
Interface Data Processing Segment
MMC at Suitland Flight Operations Team
Enterprise Management Mission Management
Satellite Operations Data Monitoring
Recovery
Schriever MMC Contingency Operations Team
One full set resides in each of the 4
Centrals
NPOESS Stored Mission Data
Data Handling Nodes reside at each Central
Command and Telemetry

NPP Stored Mission Data
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Space Segment (SS) and Launch Support Segment
(LSS)

• Spacecraft
• Satellite Control
• Data Collection
• Communications
• ACS, Propulsion
• Thermal Management
• Electrical Power
• Failsafe Protection
• Ground Support Equipment
• Launch Support Segment
• Launch support, spacecraft processing
• Sensors

Commands, Telemetry, SMD
HRD, LRD
SS
FTS
C3S
LSS
Commands, Telemetry
IDPS

• Key Architecture Features
• Common bus design allows spacecraft to be
  configured for multiple orbit planes and enables
  payload manifest changes
• Advanced plug and play avionics architecture
  accommodates 1553, 1394, unique payload
  interfaces
• Allocated power, mass, data rate, command,
  telemetry and real estate resources for potential
  P3I payloads
• High autonomous capability
• Sensors reliability gt.86, spacecraft reliability
  gt.80 ensure the production of KPPs over 7 year
  design life, 8 years storage
• Sensors take a broad set of measurements with
  gt10X the data rate of DMSP or POES
• Design is dual launch vehicle compatible

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NPOESS Spacecraft
1330 satellite shown
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NPOESS Payload Manifest
1330 vehicle
1730 vehicle
2130 vehicle
VIIRS
VIIRS
VIIRS
CrIS
CrIS
ATMS
ATMS
CMIS
CMIS
CMIS
OMPS
SESS/ AURORA
SESS/ AURORA
SESS/ AURORA
ALT
OLI (not on contract)
A-DCS
A-DCS
SARR/SARP
SARR/SARP
SARR/SARP
TSIS
APS(not on contract)
CERES/ ERBS
Surv Sensor
Surv Sensor
Surv Sensor
Single satellite design with common sensor
locations
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Payload Design Maturity Due to Early Development
and Strong Heritage
LEGEND
Departure from flight heritage
Development Sensor Development sensor
on NPP None/minimal Some redesign
GFE Hardware built APS is not in current
NPOESS baseline
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NPOESS Sensors (1 of 4)

• Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)
  is a key sensor
• 22 spectral bands covering 0.4 to 12.5 mm at 0.4-
  0.8 km resolution
• Spectrally and radiometrically calibrated
• EDR-dependent swath widths of 1700, 2000, 3000 km
• EDU built and undergoing testing
• Flight model in assembly FM electronics module
  used for NPP I/F testing
• Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) is a key
  sensor
• 1301 radiometric IR (3.92 to 15.38 mm) channels
• 3x3 detector array with 15 km ground
  center-to-center
• 2200 km swath width
• EDU built and ready for integration testing with
  NPP Spacecraft
• Flight model in assembly
• Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) is a
  key sensor
• CrIS companion cross track scan with 22 microwave
  channels
• 1.1, 2.2, and 5.2 deg (SDRs resampled to CrIS
  3.3-deg FORs)
• 2300 km swath width
• EDU built and ready for integration testing with
  NPP Spacecraft
• Flight model in testing

NPP Development Sensor
NPP Development Sensor
NPP Development Sensor
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NPOESS Sensors (2 of 4)

• Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS)
• Three instruments measure ozone total column,
  limb/nadir profile
• UV (250 to 380 nm) with 1.0 nm resolution
• IR (290 to 1000 nm) with 2.4 to 54 nm resolution
• Swath width of 2800 km for total column
• Brassboard EEM with Flight SW ready for testing
  with NPP Spacecraft

NPP Development Sensor
NPP Development Sensor

• Conical Scanning Microwave Imager/Sounder (CMIS)
  keysensor
• 2.2 m antenna imaging/profiling/polarimetry in
  microwave channels
• 15-40 km resolution
• 1700 km swath width
• Preliminary design complete

Development Sensor
Leverage Sensor

• Space Environment Sensor Suite (SESS)/AURORA
  POES/DMSP
• Collects data on particles, fields, aurora, and
  ionosphere
• Charged particle detectors (ATC/UNH) and thermal
  plasma sensor (UTD) to be provided as integrated
  suite by BATC
• AURORA UV Disk Imager to be built by JHU/APL and
  provided as GFE NGST to provide technical
  management
• Magnetometer, Beacon and UV Limb Sensor deleted

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NPOESS Sensors (3 of 4)

• Radar Altimeter (ALT) JASON I/II,
  TOPEX/Poseidon heritage
• Measures range to ocean surface with a radar at
  13.5 GHz
• Corrects for ionosphere with 5.3 GHz radar
• Corrects for atmosphere with CMIS water vapor
  measurements
• Precise orbit determination with GPS

Leverage Sensor
Leverage Sensor

• Clouds and Earths Radiant Energy System (CERES)
  EOS heritage
• Earths Radiation Budget Sensor (ERBS) update
  for 2015beyond
• Three spectral channels, high absolute
  radiometric accuracy (0.25)
• CERES FM5 built and will be provided as GFE.
  New ERBS will fly on C5

50 mm
0.3
5
8
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Leverage Sensor

• Total Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS)
  SORCE/Glory heritage
• Total irradiance monitor (TIM) measures total
  solar irradiance
• Spectral irradiance monitor (SIM) measures
  spectral irradiance 200 to 2000 nm
• TIM/SIM sensors are build to print
• Pointing platform and sensor suite provided by CU
  LASP

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NPOESS Sensors (4 of 4)

• Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor (APS) Not in NPOESS
  Contract
• Characterizations of aerosol size, single
  scattering albedo, aerosol refractive index,
  aerosol phase function
• Multispectral (broad, 0.4 to 2.25 mm)
• Multiangular (175 angles), Polarization (all
  states)

Leverage Sensor
Leverage Sensor

• Advanced Data Collection System (A-DCS) and the
  Search and Rescue Satellite-Aided Tracking
  (SARSAT) suite (GFE)
• A-DCS supports global environmental applications
• SARSAT (SARR SARP) collects distress beacon
  signals
• SARR is a new NGIID-compliant instrument
• First two A-DCS/SARP units already built

A-DCS, SARP
SARR
Leverage Sensor

• Survivability Sensor (SuS)
• IPO to acquire and provide two existing units as
  GFE
• Subsequent units to be procured by NGST

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Command, Control and Communications Segment
(C3S)

• Manage Mission
• Mission guidance
• External reporting
• Plan mission events
• Build command segment
• Maintain satellite DBs

Commands, Telemetry, SMD
Ancillary Data
SS

• Manage Satellite Operations
• Monitor and control satellite
• Prepare and send commands
• Perform eng and analysis
• Analyze flight dynamics
• Simulate satellite
• Maintain flight S/W

FTS
LSS
C3S
Mission Data, Ancillary Data, Products
Commands, Telemetry
IDPS

• Space/Ground Comm
• Control ground comm
• Position antennas
• Uplink satellite loads
• Receive telemetry
• Receive SMD
• Monitor HRD/LRD
• Preprocess downlinked data
• Compare received vs. transferred

• Key Architecture Features
• Polar TC ground station with no blind orbits
• SafetyNet mission data receptors
• Data routing through commercial network
• Redundant Mission Management
• Distributed data monitoring and recovery and
  front-end processing
• Local network infrastructure at each site
• Use of established product lines for mission
  management

• Data Routing and Retrieval
• Provide inter-segment comm
• Provide intra-segment comm for C3S and IDPS
• Data monitor and recovery

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C3S Architecture
Legend
C3S
GS Element
DRR Element
NESDIS AFWA NAVO FNMOC
SMD
SMD
TC
IDPS
(ARF, BB, PPS)
Data Handling Node at Central
Space Segment
Schriever MMC
Enterprise management
Mission Management Center (MMC) Element
SMD
15 Receptors
DRR Data monitor recovery _at_ MMC
DRR interface and routing
McMurdo only
S-TLM
Stored telemetry analysis
NPOESS
Computers and Storage
SMD
HRD/LRD Monitor
CMD/ TLM
CMD
Satellite operations
TLM/CMD
CMD/ TLM
TLM
Flight vehicle Simulator - NPP
Ground operations
NPP
(ARF, BB, PPS)
Flight vehicle Simulator - NPOESS
Data Handling Node at MMC
Svalbard
Mission management
Orbit operations
CMD/ TLM
TDRS
WSC
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System Combined SMD EDR Latency
Better
Better
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SafetyNet The Key to Low Data Latency and High
Data Availability
SafetyNet -- 15 globally distributed SMD
receptors linked to the centrals via commercial
fiber -- enables low data latency and high data
availability
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Ground Station Receptor
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DSAT World View Display
5 Degree Receptor Contact Circles
Dark Shaded Areas Copy 1 data
Light Shaded Areas Copy 2 data
Hatched Areas indicate Satellite / Receptor
Contact
Real-Time Data
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SMD Latency Performance Meets Requirements (video)
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Average Data Latency
Latency (minutes)
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MMC Conceptual Layout
Flexibility to Support NPOESS Growth and Evolution
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MMC Operations Console Rendering
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Interface Data Processing Segment (IDPS) Field
Terminal Segment (FTS)
HRD, LRD
Ancillary Data

• Interface Data Processing Segment
• Ingest pre-processed SMD
• Process RDRs, SDRs, EDRs
• Perform data quality monitoring
• Provide data to Centrals
• Provide data records to LTA

SS
LSS
C3S
FTS
Data Processing Software

• Field Terminal Segment
• Ingest LRD/HRD data streams
• Process RDRs, SDRs, EDRs
• NPOESS-provided software

Mission Data, Ancillary Data, Products
IDPS

• Key Architecture Features
• Distributed IDP deployment at centrals
• Symmetric processor architecture
• Granule size optimization
• Load balancing fault management
• Complete ancillary data via HRD link
• DoD 8500 compliant central interface
• Meets interoperability standards (JTA, DII-COE)

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IDPS Architecture
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FTS Architecture
NPOESS / NPP Satellites
Mission and Ancillary Data (HRD/LRD Downlink)
Satellite-SPE Interface
DPE-MAE Interface
Product requests HDF files
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High Data Availability and Qualitywith Robust
Enterprise Management
SO Satellite Operations EM Enterprise
Management DMR Data Monitor and
Recovery TC Telemetry and Command Ground
Station DHN Data Handling Node
Data continuously monitored to automatically
detect losses anddirect recovery to improve
system availability and data quality
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The NPOESS Preliminary Design Meets the System
Requirements and Mission Needs
Fast Data Delivery
High Data Quality
Existing commercial communications networks
State-of-the-art sensors and algorithms
Very High Data Availability
Outstanding Operational Availability
Low risk,robust system design
Low risk, highly reliable implementation
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National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental
Satellite System
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