Energy Efficient Buildings

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Energy Efficient Buildings
Southern California Council of Governments
Energy Working Group October 3, 2006 Katrina
Rosa, AIA, LEED AP Sustainable Design Project
Manager HDR Architecture, Inc. Pasadena,
California
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Buildings and the EnvironmentWhats the issue?
Buildings provide countless benefits to society,
butthey also have significant environmental
impacts.
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Residential Buildings

• Nearly 116 million residential buildings existed
  in 2000.
• More than 1.8 million residential buildings are
  built annually (2003).

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Commercial Buildings

• Nearly 4.7 million office buildings existed in
  1999.
• Every year approximately 170,000 commercial
  buildings are constructed and nearly 44,000
  are demolished.

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Schools

• Nearly 73 million Americans (68.5 million
  children) spend their days in approx. 117,007
  public and private primary and secondary schools.

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Impact of Buildings

• Generating solid waste.
• The typical North American construction process
  generates 2.5 lb. of solid waste per square foot
  of floor space
• Construction and demolition of buildings account
  for 40 of the solid waste in land fills

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Impact of Buildings

• Polluting the Water ...
• 5 billion gallons of water are used to flush
  toilets daily in the U.S.
• Urban runoff from impermeable surfaces
• 4th leading source of polluted rivers
• 3rd leading source of polluted lakes
• 2nd leading source of polluted estuaries

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Impact of Buildings

• Polluting the Atmosphere ...
• Buildings account for
• 49 of SO2 emissions (acid rain)
• 25 of NO emissions (smog)
• 10 of particulate emissions (lung disease)
• 35 of CO2 emissions (global warming)
• The U.S. is the worlds largest emitter of
  Ozone Depleting substances (UV damage)

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Impact of Buildings

• Wasting Energy ...
• Buildings account for 30 to 37 of the total
  energy used and 60 to 68 of electricity used
• 40 Billion is spent annually in the U.S. to air
  condition buildings
• 75 of U.S. electricity comes from fossil fuels

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Energy Demand of Buildings
Commercial Bldgs
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Residential Bldgs
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56
Transportation
26
25
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Industry
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United States
Other of G7 countries
Rest of the world

• US buildings alone use almost 10 of the worlds
  energy!

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Impact of Buildings

• Making people sick and unproductive...
• 90 of a persons time is spent indoors, where
  levels of pollution are 2 to 5 to 100 times worse
  than outdoors

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An Introduction to the U.S. Green Building
Counciland theLEED Green BuildingRating System
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• USGBCs MISSION
• to promote the design and construction of
  buildings that are environmentally responsible,
  profitable, and healthy places to live and work.
• The organizations activities
• Integrate building industry sectors
• Lead market transformation
• Educate owners and practitioners

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Leadership in Energy Environmental DesignLEED
A leading-edge system for designing,
constructing, operating and certifying the
worlds greenest buildings.
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Why Was LEED Created?

• Facilitate positive results for the environment,
  occupant health and financial return
• Define green by providing a standard for
  measurement
• Prevent greenwashing (false or exaggerated
  claims)
• Promote whole-building, integrated design
  processes

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USGBC Background

• Established in 1993
• Now more than 6300 members
• More than 23,000 LEED-Accredited Professionals

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LEED Market Transformation
393 LEED Certified Projects  54,233,000 Sq
Ft 3,426 LEED Registered Projects   464,096,50
0 Sq Ft
235 M gsf 50 States 13 Countries
As of 1.01.06
Totals include New Construction, Commercial
Interiors, Existing Buildings, and
Core Shell Pilot Projects.
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Sectors Expected to have Substantial Growth in
Green Construction

• Healthcare 46
• Residential 32
• Hospitality 22
• Retail 20

• Education 65
• Government 62
• Institutional 54
• Office 48

McGraw Hill Construction Green Building Smart
Market Report 11-2005
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LEED-NC in the USA
Federal Government

• General Services Administration (GSA)
• LEED Certified projects beginning in 2003
• U.S. Air Force
• LEED Application Guide for Lodging
• U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
• Adaptation of LEED SPiRiT
• Department of State
• Department of Energy (DOE)
• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
• Grant for LEED Existing Buildings
• U.S. Navy
• Grant for LEED Residential

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LEED-NC in the USA
State Government
Local Government

• Austin, TX
• Boulder, CO
• Los Angeles, CA
• Pasadena, CA
• Portland, OR
• San Jose, CA
• San Francisco, CA
• Santa Monica, CA
• Seattle, WA

• California
• Maryland
• Massachusetts
• New Jersey
• New York
• Oregon
• Pennsylvania
• Washington

Not limited to these examples
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Global Interest in LEED

• Japan
• Spain
• Mexico
• Italy
• Côte d'Ivoire
• Guatemala
• Chile

• Australia
• Canada
• China
• France
• India
• Brazil
• Curaçao

Certified Projects
Registered Projects
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Categories of LEED
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LEED-NC Point Distribution
Five LEED credit categories
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Technical Overview of LEED-NC

• Whole-building approach encourages and guides a
  collaborative, integrated design and construction
  process
• Optimizes environmental and economic factors
• Four levels of LEED-NC certification
• Certified Level 26 - 32 points
• Silver Level 33 - 38 points
• Gold Level 39 - 51 points
• Platinum Level 52 points (69 possible)

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LEED Strategies

• Sustainable Sites
• Using light colored hardscape, or permeable
  hardscape
• Use Energy Star roofing
• Reduce Impervious Cover Increase on-site
  Infiltration

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LEED Strategies

• Water Efficiency
• Use low-flow toilet fixtures and waterless
  urinals
• Use greywater for irrigation and flushing toilets

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LEED Strategies

• Energy Atmosphere
• Site orientation for passive solar heating
• Solar shade, Solar shelf
• High insulation in the walls and ceiling
• Low-e insulated glazing
• Occupancy Sensors
• Daylight Sensors
• High efficiency HVAC
• High efficiency appliances, lighting and water
  heating
• Renewable Energy
• Commissioning

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LEED Strategies

• Materials Resources
• Choose materials with high recycled content
• Choose locally manufactured and resources
  materials
• At least 75 of the construction waste be
  diverted from the landfill
• Reuse and salvage materials
• Choose rapidly renewable materials

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LEED Strategies

• Indoor Environmental Quality
• Use low- or no-emitting materials
• Adhesives
• Paints
• Carpet, carpet cushions
• Fabrics
• Composite Woods
• Protect ductwork from construction dust
• Increase daylighting and views

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Metropolitan Hospital Sustainable Design Features

• Low-emitting interior finishes
• Water conserving fixtures
• Energy efficient building products and systems
• 100 of storm-water maintained on site
• Construction waste management plan
• Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) wood products
• Recycled-content building materials
• Rainwater collection system

• Minimal use of polyvinyl-chloride (PVC) building
  materials
• Year-round healing gardens for patients
• Green roof

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Green Labs

• Status LEED 2.1 Registered Project
• Storm water management and filtration on site
• Recycled content materials
• Low-emitting materials
• Native vegetation
• EnergyStar roofing
• Building commissioning

Sandia Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies
(CINT) Albuquerque, New Mexico
Iowa Laboratories Facility Ankeny, Iowa
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McKinney Office BuildingMcKinney, Texas

• 100 percent decrease in potable water used for
  irrigation
• 50 percent decrease in potable water for sewage
  conveyance
• 73 percent decrease in energy use beyond ASHRAE
  90.1 1999
• Raised flooring with under-floor air distribution
  
• for good indoor air quality and flexibility for
  tenants.
• Photovoltaics as a renewable energy source to
  reduce pollution associated with non-renewable
  energy production.
• Rainwater cisterns to store roof rainwater to
  reduce potable water required for irrigation.

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McKinney Office BuildingMcKinney, Texas

• Efficient, smart Ergo-light system
• Energy Efficient Ground Source Heat Pump.
• Geo-thermal wells
• Capture and clean site stormwater run-off
• Separate roof-mounted solar hot water system

Geothermal piping
Solar hot water
PV panels
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Banner Bank Boise, Idaho

• 72 decrease in domestic potable water use
• 80 decrease in potable water for sewage
• 60 decrease in energy
• 20 recycled content
• 95 demolition recycled
• LEED Platinum
• Average construction cost

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Summary

• Energy Efficient Buildings decrease the
• Energy Cost of construction and demolition
• Energy Cost of building material manufacturing
  and transport
• Energy Cost of making water potable
• Energy Cost of cleaning indoor pollution
• Energy Cost of cleaning outdoor pollution
• Energy Cost of site stormwater removal
• Energy Cost of heating/cooling and water heating

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• Katrina Rosa, AIA, LEED AP
• Katrina.rosa_at_HDRInc.com
• www.HDRInc.com
• www.hdrgreen.com

Resistance IS Futile. You WILL be Assimilated