Vitamins in animal nutrition

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Vitamins in animal nutrition
AVIAN INFLUENZA
MVDr. Libor Kacbunda Lohmann-Animal Health
Seminar of the VVS in Fujairah 21.
November 2005 - UAE
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Vitamins in animal nutrition
AVIAN INFLUENZA

• Originator and display of the disease
• Outbreaks in the past and current world situation
• Risk for the people?
• Preventive measurements
• Procedures in case of the outbreak
• .

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Vitamins in animal nutrition
Originator and display of the disease

• HPA virus, Birds flu-classical pest of birds x
  not atypical pest/pseudopest/Newcastle disease
  which is more common and harmless for the human
  beings and in the European countries widely
  vaccinated
• Described 100 years ago in Italy, in the meantime
  its serotypes found worldwide, most of them
  latent
• Affects birds pure avian disease!
• - highly contagious
• .

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Vitamins in animal nutrition
Originator and display of the disease

• HxNx serotypes (subtypes)
• Hemaglutinines 16 surface receptors
• Neuraminidase 9 types

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Vitamins in animal nutrition
Originator and display of the disease

• H1-16N1-9 arbitrary combinable
• BUT! only combinations with
• H5 and H7
• are potentially dangerous for birds
  (H9N2 spread on the Middle East)
• H5N1-9, H7N1-9 subjects of reports to authorities
  in the EU

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Vitamins in animal nutrition
Originator and display of the disease

• Clinical symptoms rapid decrease of water and
  food intake, downcast ness, pale comb and legs,
  morbidity and mortality near to 100
• The most contagious infection for the poultry

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Vitamins in animal nutrition
Originator and display of the disease

• Virus is excluded via breath, excrements, blood
  and feather dust
• Thermically untreated eggs and meat are source of
  the infection

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Vitamins in animal nutrition
Outbreaks in the past and current world situation

• The last epidemic in Europe in 2003 in NL (H7N7)
• In the last 10 years in the whole Nothern
  America, Mexico, Chile, (Italy only low
  pathogenic subtype)
• Since 2004 in Russia
• Currently Asia (China, Vietnam, Thailand, Nothern
  Corea, Japan, Indonesia, Turkey, etc)
• The most cases found in Vietnam, Thailand now

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Vitamins in animal nutrition
Risk for the people?

• Avian flu virus causes at the human mostly only
  conjunctivitis
• But! The very close contact with infectious birds
  can cause typical flu disease at the human,
  sometimes with mortal course WHO (14.11. 2005
  129 cases of illness, 64 died)
• x Thousands died people in each European country
  on human flu each winter and spring!
• Currently the for the human harmful H5N1 was/is
  not able to adapt himself properly and be able to
  be infectious from people to people
• 1. case HongKong 1997,
• formerly Russia, 1918 Spanish Flu
• Each flu virus can drift-change of the shape
  structure
• Currently the for the human harmfull H5N1 was not
  able to adapt properly and be infectious from
  people to people
• History

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Vitamins in animal nutrition
Risk for the people?

• History several pandemic cases (1918 Spanish
  flu, 1968 HongKong, 1977 Russia)

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Vitamins in animal nutrition
Risk for the people?

• Risk factors promoting the spreading of the
  virus
• Rearing in open farm houses
• Very frequent and close contact with ill or
  infectious animals
• Transport of the people between continents
• Moving of the wild birds during the year
  backyards farming!
• Poor bio security
• Smuggling of fighting roosters

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Vitamins in animal nutrition
Preventive measurements

• Closed and modern farming system
• Control of imports
• Only commercial farmings
• High bio-security
• Monitoring system
• Vaccination?

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Vitamins in animal nutrition
Preventive measurements

• Vaccination?
• Vaccinated animals exclude virus!
• Vaccine has to have H5 or H7 subtype
• Expensive at broilers

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Vitamins in animal nutrition
Procedures in case of the outbreak

• Animals
• 1) Stamping out of the whole flock
• 2) Stamping out of the whole flock and
  vaccination in the surroundings
• 3) Full area vaccination
• Animals-burying on the farm!
• Suspected animals stamping out, never transport

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Vitamins in animal nutrition
Procedures in case of the outbreak

• People
• Protective cloths
• Neuramidase blockers (Tamiflu)
• works only if the virus is inside of the body
  preventive administration not necessary
• works also when administrated 48 hours after the
  outbreak of the illness

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Vitamins in animal nutrition
Conclusions

• No panic necessary
• Middle East lays in region with high risk of
  outbreak of the avian influenza at birds
• Take preventive measurements