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The role of nutrition in the support of animal life

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b. Aid in absorbing fat-soluble vitamins ... Active animals such as greyhounds would need vitamin supplements ... aiding in absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The role of nutrition in the support of animal life


1
The role of nutrition in the support of animal
life
p. 133
2
Discuss the 6 basic nutritional requirements of
small animals in relation to the function they
serve for the small animal.
3
Nutrition
  • Process by which an animal receives a proper and
    balanced food and water ration so it can grow,
    maintain its body, reproduce, and perform.

4
Nutrient- single group of foods of the same
general chemical composition that supports animal
life. There are 6 very important
nutrients for animals.
5
  • Water -most important nutrient!! Makes up 55-65
    of an animals body.
  • Composition of animals blood is 90-95 water.
  • Muscle is 72-78 water.
  • Bone is 30-40 water.

6
ROLES OF WATER
a. Supports the breathing
(respiration) , aide in
digestion, and food conversion reactions b.
Transports other nutrients
7
c. Regulates body temperature d. Gives the body
its form e. Carries waste from the body
8
2. Proteins- complex nutrients composed of
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
9
a. Develop and repairing body organs and tissues
i.e. muscles, nerves, skin, hair, hooves, and
feathers. b. Production of milk, wool, and
eggs. c. Reproduction process of the developing
fetus
10
d. Generating enzymes and hormones e. Develops
antibodies f. Transmitting DNA
11
3. Carbohydrates- Converting of food into energy
made up of chemical elements carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen. EX) sugar, starch, fiber
12
Carbohydrates
  • Support body functions, breathing, digesting,
    stores fat, and produces heat for body warmth.

13
4. Fats-Chemical elements of carbon, hydrogen,
and oxygen. Fats contain 2.25 times more energy
as an equal amount of protein and carbs.
14
a. Provides energy b. Aid in absorbing
fat-soluble vitamins c. Provides the essential
fatty acids needed in an animals diet
15
5. Vitamins- organic substances needed for
specific biochemical reactions
16
VITAMINS
  • Are designated by letters
  • A D E K C B
  • Are needed in very small amounts

17
Active animals such as greyhounds would need
vitamin supplements
18
a. Regulating the digestive system, absorption
and metabolism. b. Development of the bones and
external coverings i.e. hair and feathers, and
normal vision c. Regulation of body glands
19
d. Development of new cells e. Protection against
diseases f. Nervous system maintenance and
development
20
6. Minerals - component of the ash or
noncombustible part of the ration that cannot be
burned. Minerals supply the material for building
the skeleton and producing body regulators such
as enzymes and hormones. Divided into 2 groups.
21
a. Macro minerals- 7 major minerals needed in
largest quantity and most likely lacking in the
ration.
22
1. Calcium - is required for bone, teeth, and
eggshell development 2. Phosphorus- needed for
the formation of bones, teeth and body fluids and
is required for metabolism , cell respiration,
reproduction, and enzyme-based reactions.
23
3. Potassium- is required for digestion,
acid-base balance, osmotic relation for body
functions. 4. Sodium and chlorine- for control of
body fluids concentration, body fluid pH,
formation of digestive juices, and activities of
the nerves and muscles.
24
5. Sulfur- formation of compounds, and
sulfur-containing amino acids found in the
rumen. 6. Magnesium- enzyme systems, nervous
systems functions.
25
b. Micro minerals- 9 trace minerals that are only
needed in small amounts
26
1. Iron- hemoglobin formation 2. Iodine- needed
in the thyroid gland for thyroxin production 3.
Copper- to absorb iron properly, synthesis of
keratin for hair and wool growth, formation of
hemoglobin, and various enzyme systems.
27
4. Cobalt- a part of the Vitamin B12 molecule
compound, necessary for proper synthesis of B12
vitamin. 5. Fluorine- needed for calcium and
phosphorus utilization.
28
6. Manganese- utilized with the enzyme systems in
reproduction such as estrus, ovulation, fetal
development, udder development, ,milk production,
growth, and skeletal development.
29
7. Zinc- important for wound healing,
growth of hair and wool, and promotion of growth
and general thriftiness. 8. Molybdenum-
stimulating the action of rumen organisms in the
component of xanthine oxidase enzyme.
30
9. Selenium-necessary for vitamin E absorption
and utilization.
31
Research ActivitySelect 1 small companion animal
to study its suggested dietary requirements.Name
feedstuff types in which they will need to get
these 6 daily nutritional needs from.
32
Nutrition
  • Process by which animals receive a proper and
    balanced food water ration so it can grow,
    maintain its body, reproduce, and perform.

33
Nutrient
  • Substance or part of feedstuff that is necessary
    for an organism to live and grow.

34
What happens if these 6 main nutrients are
lacking in the diet?
35
Deficiency
When an animal receives an improper or an
unbalanced food and water ration. It can stunt
growth, slows body maintenance, interferes with
reproduction.
36
RESEARCH ACTIVITYComplete Deficiency chart using
the computer or textbook.
  • EX)

http//www.healthalternatives2000.com/minchart.htm
37
WATER DEFICIENCY
If lacking water - body becomes overheated, and a
slowdown in normal body functions, dehydration
occurs.
38
  • One could rehydrate an animal by using an empty
    (no needle) syringe using water or Pedialyte.
    Also a cool waterbath can help if it is warm
    outside..

39
Dehydration is a serious condition Fatal
Shock, Acidosis (accumulation of acid or
depletion of alkalines in the blood and body
tissues symptoms such as weakness, muscle
twitching, involuntary movement, cardiac
problems, disorientation, and a coma may occur).
40
Dehydration can also cause the accumulation of
waste products in the bodyUremia ( a condition
in which there is an excess in the blood of urea
and other nitrogenous end products of protein and
amino acid metabolismkidney failure).
41
If deficient in Proteins- normal growth
development and repairing of body organs and
tissues suffers (muscles, nerves, skin, hair,
hooves, and feathers).
42
Protein deficiency may result in anorexia,
anemia, edema slow growth rate, low birth weight
of young, lower milk production, and decreased
feed efficiency
43
When lacking in Carbohydrates- less energy,
normal body functions, loss of body heat can
occur.
44
4. Fats- providing energy, aiding in absorption
of fat-soluble vitamins.
45
Vitamins various body functions will suffer
when vitamins are lacking Linked to more
susceptibility
46
6. Mineral deficiencies cause low rate of gains,
feed inefficiency, decreased reproduction,
decrease in milk production, and production of
meat, milk, eggs, and wool.
47
Eclampsia - a calcium deficiency, occurs in
pregnant female dogs shortly before whelping up
to the 1st month of lactating.
48
Symptoms restlessness, panting, whining, and lot
of up and down. As the problem worsens, she will
get still, but show twitching muscles, and a lack
of coordination.
49
Phosphorus deficiency may result in ricketts,
depressed appetite, and the animal chewing wood.
50
Kids with ricketts
51
LLAMA with Ricketts
52
Gazelle with ricketts
53
Magnesium deficiency reduced weight gain,
anorexia, hyperemia (excessive blood flow) of the
ears and other extremities, and muscle tremors
and shaking
54
Potassium deficiencies may cause animals to walk
unsteady, have overall muscle weakness, and
slowed growth with a reduction in weight.
Hypokalemia
55
Sodium deficiency-- may cause weight loss in
adult animals, a reduced rate of growth in young,
and decrease in milk production.
56
If lacking Chlorineanimals are detectable when a
sudden noise startling the animal causes it to
fall forward with legs extended backward.
57
Lack of Iron causes a tired feeling, pale
coloring, shallow breathing, rough hair, and
anemia in newborns.
58
Iodine deficiency in the diet causes fatigue,
increased appetite, and a rapid pulse. It may
also result in goiters- an enlargement of the
thyroid gland dry skin, brittle hair, young born
without hair, and other reproductive problems.
59
Birds have 2 thyroid glands so goiters could pose
serious health risk for lowering food intake and
breathing.
60
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61
GOITER
62
Manganese deficiencies may cause skeletal
deformation, lameness, shortening and bowing of
legs, and enlarged joints.
63
  • Good sources of Manganese
  • Nuts and seeds
  • Wheat germ
  • Wheat bran
  • Leafy green vegetables
  • Beets
  • Pineapple,

64
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65
HISTORY
  • Animal Nutrition studies began at the Purina Pet
    Care Center in 1926 near St. Louis
  • Learned --dogs need 20-25 protein in diets, cats
    need higher protein, 25-30

66
HISTORY
  • Commercial dog food production began in the late
    1930-early 1940s

67
Some canine and feline diets are high in grains.
There has been some link to seizures, diabetes,
allergies as a result.
68
For canines, it is well documented that 3 of the
most common food allergens are wheat, corn and
soy, primary ingredients in many commercial dog
foods.
69
ACTIVITY TOPICS FOR RESEARCH
  • Can dogs live on a vegetarian diet?
  • Cameron, Felipe, Matt
  • What are the benefits of raw meat in pets diet?
  • Abby, Laura, Garcia
  • What are some controversies surrounding pet
    foods?
  • Rose, Ben, Linda
  • Should diets be different for breed sizes?
  • Will, Brianna

70
ACTIVITY TOPICS FOR RESEARCH
  • Can dogs live on a vegetarian diet?
  • Ashley, Bryan, Courtney, Amanda
  • What are the benefits of raw meat in pets diet?
  • Davis, Cooper, Micah, Maria
  • What are some controversies surrounding pet
    foods?
  • Rachel, Hannah, Tess
  • Should diets be different for breed/sizes?
  • David, Keila, Yesenia

71
Whats In Your Dogs Food?
72
  • Principal Display Panel
  • Brand Name (i.e., Iams, Purina, Kal-Kan)
  • Identity Statement which describes the contents
    of the food (i.e., Chicken Rice, Mushroom and
    Gravy, etc.)

73
  • 3. Designator of what class the food is (i.e.,
    Growth, Maintenance, Lite, etc.) and Category of
    dog (Puppy, Adult, Senior, etc.).
  • 4. Quantity of contents identifies the weight of
    contents (i.e., 5 pounds, 20 pounds, 40 pounds)

74
  • Information Panel This tells you about the
    actual food content.
  • 1. General analysis (shows the "as is"
    percentages of the food's constituents).
  • 2. Ingredients list (shows ingredients in
    descending order, by weight).

75
  • 3. Nutritional adequacy claim (identifies
    specific life stage for which food is intended
    and whether animal feeding tests based on AAFCO
    procedures were used).
  • 4. Feeding instructions (how much of the food to
    give your dog).

76
The Guaranteed Analysis on the Information Panel
of the dog food label lists the minimum levels of
crude protein and fat and the maximum levels of
fiber and water.
77
INGREDIENTS LIST Ingredients are listed in
descending order, by weight. However, the
listings may be misleading. You want highly
digestible items, free of unwanted fats
78
Suppose beef is listed as the first ingredient,
causing you to think it is the primary
ingredient. Look again. If it's followed by wheat
flour, wheat germ, wheat middlings and so on, the
combined wheat products may very well total much
more than the beef!
79
MEAT LINGO..
  • meat (muscle) tongue, diaphragm, heart,
    esophagus, skin, nerves, blood vessels less fat
  • meat by-products (not muscle more fatty),
    lungs, spleen, kidneys, brain, liver, blood,
    bone, stomach, intestines
  • Tallow fat from beef
  • BHA fat preservative

80
ARTIFICIAL COLORING Many used in dog foods have
been associated with potential problems. FDC red
No. 40 is a possible carcinogen but is widely
used to keep meat looking fresh. Blue No. 2 is
thought to increase dogs' sensitivity to viruses.
81
Another color that is commonly used but has not
been fully tested is Yellow No. 5. Both Red No. 2
and Violet No. 1 were banned by the FDA in the
mid-seventies as possible carcinogens but prior
to that were widely used in pet foods.
82
HMMMTHINK ABOUT IT the food color used in
today's manufacture of foods is not for the dogs.
It is to satisfy the dog's owner--YOU, THE
CONSUMER!
83
SUGAR adds palatability and moisture, and aids in
bacterial contamination prevention. Dogs do not
need this amount of sugar, which can stress
the pancreas and
adrenal glands,
causing diabetes.
84
Salt is added to many foods as a meat
preservative. Too much can irritate the digestive
system and can cause a mineral imbalance because
the salt itself can upset the calcium / potassium
balance in your dog's system. Too much salt can
be life threatening for a dog.
85
ACTIVITYANALYZE PET FOOD BAGS AND PACKAGES TO
MONITOR AND COMPARE INGREDIENTS FOR NUTRITIONAL
LEVELS
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