Wide-field Surveys with Subaru

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Wide-field Surveys with Subaru
Toru Yamada
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- A Review of Subaru Wide-Field and Deep
Surveys some prospects for HSC/ WFMOS era
- Introduction to the two very wide-field deep
survey with Subaru SCDXT, SSA22-NB
surveys
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MOIRCS 4x7
4
Distribution of Distant Red Galaxies (J-Kgt2.3)
near HDF
7 arcmin
Subru MOIRCS
Kajisawa et al. 2006
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Previous wide-field observations with Suprime Cam
FoV deg2 SCam Other wavelength notes Teams
Subaru Deep Field 0.25 BVRiz,921,816,711,503,497, IBs NIR, MIR deepest images with Subaru Obs. Project SDF Kashikawa et al.
GOODS-N 0.05 (0.2) BVRiz,497,(921) X, UV,HST,NIR, MIR, FIR, sub-mm, radio world standard field Ohta et al. / Capak et al. ?
Lockman Hole 0.25 BVRiz X, UV, NIR, MIR, FIR, sub-mm, radio low HI column Capak et al.
NEP Survey 0.25 BRiz MIR, sub-mm, radio Akari survey Matsuhara/Hanami et al.
EIS 0.5 BRIz NIR ESO field Arimoto et al.
Subaru XMM Deep Field 1.2 BVRiz,921,816,711, 503,497, IBs X, UV, NIR, MIR, FIR, sub-mm, radio deep and wide Obs. Project SXDS Sekiguchi, et al.
COSMOS 2 griz,921, 816, IBs (21bands) X, UV, HST,NIR, MIR, FIR, sub-mm, radio HST ACS COSMOS COSMOS / Taniguchi et al.
PISCES clusters BVRiz NIR, HST, X Survey at known clusters Kodama et al.
SSA22 3 B,V,497 NIR z3.1 Hayashino et al. / Yamada et al.
SCDXT (UKIDSS/Scam) 9 (B),I NIR/MIR UKIDSS DXS fields Yamada et al.
33 deg Survey (33) R Lensing Miyazaki et al.
These are not all the surveys by Subaru
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Comoving Volume ( Mpc3 / unit z ) _at_ z1-10 Main targets
1 deg2 107 Galaxy Formation/Evolution
10 deg2 108 The most luminous objects Clusters, LSS
100 deg2 109 Quasars Mass Distribution of the Universe
1000 deg2 1010 BAO, and other precise cosmology
c.f., comoving volume sampled by Suprime Cam NB
filters
Lya Redshift V (comoving)
NB497 Z3.1 7x105 Mpc3/deg2
NB711 Z4.9 7x105 Mpc3/deg2
NB921 Z6.6 1x106 Mpc3/deg2
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Previous wide-field observations with Subaru
FoV SCam Other wavelength notes Teams
Subaru Deep Field 0.25 BVRiz,921,816,711,503,497, IBs NIR, MIR deepest images with Subaru Obs. Project SDF Kashikawa et al.
GOODS-N 0.05 (0.2) BVRiz,497,(921) X, UV,HST,NIR, MIR, FIR, sub-mm, radio world standard field Ohta et al. / Capak et al. ?
Lockman Hole 0.25 BVRiz X, UV, NIR, MIR, FIR, sub-mm, radio low HI column Capak et al.
NEP Survey 0.25 BRiz MIR, sub-mm, radio Akari survey Matsuhara/Hanami et al.
EIS 0.5 BRIz NIR ESO field Arimoto et al.
Subaru XMM Deep Field 1.2 BVRiz,921,816,711, 503,497, IBs X, UV, NIR, MIR, FIR, sub-mm, radio deep and wide Obs. Project SXDS Sekiguchi, et al.
COSMOS 2 griz,921, 816, IBs (21bands) X, UV, HST,NIR, MIR, FIR, sub-mm, radio HST ACS COSMOS COSMOS / Taniguchi et al.
PISCES clusters BVRiz NIR, HST, X Survey at known clusters Kodama et al.
SSA22 3 B,V,497 NIR z3.1 Hayashino et al. / Yamada et al.
SCDXT (UKIDSS/Scam) 9 (B),I NIR/MIR UKIDSS DXS fields Yamada et al.
33 deg Survey (33) R Lensing Miyazaki et al.
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SDF (deepest) - Unveiling the Re-Ionization Era
Subaru Deep Field
NB980
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(north, difficult to observe from ALMA)
Kodaira et al. 2003, Taniguchi et al. 2004,
Kashikawa et al. 2005 Iye et al. 2006 (for the
z6.96 object), Ota et al. 2007 submitted
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SDF The deepest search for the highest-redshift
objects
SXDS Tracing Structure Formation and Galaxy
Formation/Evolution
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Iye et al. 2006
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Witnessing the Re-ionization of the Universe?
Haiman 2002
Kashikawa et al. 2006
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Observing Cosmic Reionization by (the clustering
of) Lya Emitters
average neutral fraction
SDF z6.6
McQuinn et al. 2007
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There are also studies about continuum selected
objects

• Lyman Break Galaxies at z3-7
• luminosity function and star-formation history
• clustering
• ? Ouchi et al., Yoshida et al., Shimasaku et
  al.,
• Iwata et al. (GOODS)
• z2 (BzK) galaxies
• Motohara et al., Kong et al.
• (EIS)

Yoshida et al. 2006
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Previous wide-field observations with Subaru
FoV SCam Other wavelength notes Teams
Subaru Deep Field 0.25 BVRiz,921,816,711,503,497, IBs NIR, MIR deepest images with Subaru Obs. Project SDF Kashikawa et al.
GOODS-N 0.05 (0.2) BVRiz,497,(921) X, UV,HST,NIR, MIR, FIR, sub-mm, radio world standard field Ohta et al. / Capak et al. ?
Lockman Hole 0.25 BVRiz X, UV, NIR, MIR, FIR, sub-mm, radio low HI column Capak et al.
NEP Survey 0.25 BRiz MIR, sub-mm, radio Akari survey Matsuhara/Hanami et al.
EIS 0.5 BRIz NIR ESO field Arimoto et al.
Subaru XMM Deep Field 1.2 BVRiz,921,816,711, 503,497, IBs X, UV, NIR, MIR, FIR, sub-mm, radio deep and wide Obs. Project SXDS Sekiguchi, et al.
COSMOS 2 griz,921, 816, IBs (21bands) X, UV, HST,NIR, MIR, FIR, sub-mm, radio HST ACS COSMOS COSMOS / Taniguchi et al.
PISCES clusters BVRiz NIR, HST, X Survey at known clusters Kodama et al.
SSA22 3 B,V,497 NIR z3.1 Hayashino et al. / Yamada et al.
SCDXT (UKIDSS/Scam) 9 (B),I NIR/MIR UKIDSS DXS fields Yamada et al.
33 deg Survey (33) R Lensing Miyazaki et al.
These are not all the surveys by Subaru
TY (at least partially) involved or leading
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Panoramic Deep Image Subaru/XMM Deep Survey
Galaxy evolution can be studied in fairly large
volume.
1.3
NIR (UKIDSS UDS), MIR-FIR (SWIRE), radio (VLA),
sub-mm (SHADES), etc.
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SDF The deepest search for the highest-redshift
objects
SXDS Tracing Structure Formation and Galaxy
Formation/Evolution
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Distribution of Galaxies in SXDS (1)
B-drop LBGs (ilt27)
mass
Ouchi et al. 2005
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Distribution of Galaxies in SXDS (2)
Yamada et al. 2005
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Connecting Different Type of Galaxies at
different epoch by their clustering properties
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UKIDSS-UDS SXDS K-band LF evolution up to
z2 Cirasuolo et al. 2007
K_ABlt22.5 22000 sources (0.6 deg2)
Number density evolution of red and blue bright
objects
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COSMOS Subaru provides the ground-base
multi-band data
Massey et al. 2006 Taniguchi et al. 2007
COSMOS-21 (Taniguchi) Broad-Band Intermediate-Ba
nd Narrow-band
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Narrow-band Surveys at SDF, SXDS, COSMOS,
SSA22.
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z3 simulation at larger scale (Benson et al.
2001)
141 h-1 Mpc
N-body semi-analytic treatment
BW CDM Colord Galaxies
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Large-Scale Structure of Lyman Alpha Emitters (1)
z4.9
z4.79
z4.86
Shimasaku et al. 2003, 2004
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Large-Scale Structure of Lyman Alpha Emitters (2)
z5.7
z5.70.05
Clump A ?v 180 km/s M1x1013Msun
Ouchi et al. 2005, ApJ, 620, L1
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Large-Scale Structure of Lyman Alpha Emitters (3)
z3.1
Subaru Narrow-Band Observation of the SSA22
Proto-cluster (z3.1) region
Lya Emitters (LA)

• 2 x 10-17 erg/s/cm2
• EWobs gt 160 Å
• 283 objects

Lya Absorbers
Hayashino et al. 2004
LAE average local density
Steidel et al. 2000
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Some Prospects for HSC / WFMOS era Hyper Suprime
Cam 2 deg2 8 x FoV of Scam (Miyazaki-sans
talk)

• Precision Cosmology favors 1000-10000 deg2
  surveys
• (other many talks in this WS)
• Broad-Band Imaging (photo-z)
• Spectroscopy (z1, z3)
• Galaxy Deep Surveys
• deepest 10 deg2
• wide and deep 100 deg2 especially for NB
  survey
• Broad-Band, Narrow-Band, maybe Intermediate
  Band
• Deep Opt IR Spectroscopy for the selected
  objects

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Whatre the Desirable Deep Survey Strategies
for HSC ?
Deepest ( highest-z) Survey Strategy
survey area filters time
Ultra Deep 10 deg2 (HSC 5FoV) g, r, i, z, y NB711, 816, 921, 980 BB 10h (AB27 _at_ z) NB 10h

• Primary Goals
• Obtain Comprehensive View of the
  Re-ionization Era
• Synergy with
• ALMA (NAOJ)
• Thirty-Meter Telescope (Subaru/NAOJ
  ?)
• James-Webb Space Telescope
• ground-base deepest NIR
  (VISTA/WFCAM/Subaru??)
• space NIR Very Wide Field Imager

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Whatre the Desirable Deep Survey Strategies
for HSC ?
y
HSC i-drop z6 galaxies z-drop z7
galaxies HSCNIR optical-drop z gt 8
Ouchi 2005
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Re-Ionization Era and Earliest Galaxies
Important Questions (reionization) ? When and
How Cosmic Re-ionization Occurred ? LAE
luminosity-dependent number-density evolution
evolution of
luminosity-dependent clustering ? What are the
source of ionization ? UV-selected
objects (LBG) luminosity function, color
But the knowledge of escape fraction below
Lyman Limit is essential ? How
reionization affects galaxy formation?
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Re-Ionization Era and Earliest Galaxies
Important Questions (galaxy formation) ? How
galaxy formation proceeds at z5-10?
ALMA .. Dust emission (for brightest objects
100M/yr)) High-J CO?
(z6 maybe detectable z10 difficult)
IR-bright objects near
UV-selected sources? TMT/JWST ..
redshift identification
(relatively rare bright objects AB25-26)
stellar contents
metal lines metallicity,
excitation, kinematics
AGN signatures ? Search for galaxies at z7-10
(z-drop, y-drop) JWST wide-field
NIR imaging survey? ground-based IR
camera brightest galaxies
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Thirty Meter Telescope (Caltech / UC / Canada)
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Previous wide-field observations with Subaru
Suprime Cam
FoV SCam Other wavelength notes Teams
Subaru Deep Field (SDF) 0.25 BVRiz,921,816,711,503,497, IBs NIR, MIR deepest images with Subaru Obs. Project SDF Kashikawa et al.
GOODS-N 0.05 (0.2) BVRiz,497,(921) X, UV,HST,NIR, MIR, FIR, sub-mm, radio world standard field Ohta et al. / Capak et al. ?
Lockman Hole Deep 0.25 BVRiz X, UV, NIR, MIR, FIR, sub-mm, radio low HI column Capak et al.
NEP Survey 0.25 BRiz MIR, sub-mm, radio Akari survey Matsuhara/Hanami et al.
EIS 0.5 BRIz NIR ESO field Arimoto et al. Kong et al.
Subaru XMM Deep Survey (SXDS) 1.2 BVRiz,921,816,711, 503,497, IBs X, UV, NIR, MIR, FIR, sub-mm, radio deep and wide Obs. Project SXDS Sekiguchi, et al.
COSMOS 2 griz,921, 816, IBs (21bands) X, UV, HST,NIR, MIR, FIR, sub-mm, radio HST ACS COSMOS COSMOS / Taniguchi et al.
PISCES clusters BVRiz NIR, HST, X Survey at known clusters Kodama et al.
SSA22 3 B,V,497 NIR z3.1 Hayashino et al. / Yamada et al.
SCDXT (UKIDSS/Scam) 9 (B),I NIR/MIR UKIDSS DXS fields Yamada et al.
33 deg Survey (33) R Lensing Miyazaki et al.
These are not all the surveys by Subaru
TY involved
34
Two Subaru Very Wide Field Deep Surveys

• SCDXT Suprime Cam/ UKIDSS Deep eXtragalactic
  Survey (DXS)
• Ten Square Degrees Survey
• - search for clusters and
  proto-clusters at z1-2
• (working report)
• - A Proto-cluster at z3.1 and Galaxy Formation
• Subaru (Suprime Cam, FOCAS, MOIRCS) /
  Spitzer /
• / VLT (VIMOS) / JCMT-SCUBA / XMM /
  UKIDSS / Chandra

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Suprime-Cam/UKIDSS DXS 10 aq.deg. Survey I26
UKIDSS DXS J22 K21 SWIRE IRAC/MIPS
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SCDXT Field of View Lockman Field and ELAIS N1
Lockman Hole
ELAIS N1
2300000 sources down to I26 (AB 25.5 26.0
_at_ 90 completeness)
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I-band IRAC 3.64.5 Two-Color Diagram
3.6 lt 20.5 sample
Redshifted Coma-elliptical passive mdels
Z2.0
Z1.0
24umgt0.45mJy
Model grid Bruzual and Charlot z0-3, Age
0-Tuniv, E(B-V)0
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Cluster Finding Distribution of galaxies is
converted to the density map by smoothing with
various kernels. (e.g., Gaussian FWHM45) Peak
finding with the criteria matched with the
smoothed scale. Optical/NIR MOS spectroscopic
follow-up Being proposed MOIRCS / FMOS
ELAIS N1
1.0 lt z lt 1.2
1.2 lt z lt 1.4
Lockman hole
1.4 lt z lt 1.8
1.4 lt z lt 1.8
1.2 lt z lt 1.4
1.0 lt z lt 1.2
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A Proto-clusrter around SSA22 field a z3.1
(Steidel et al. 1998)
Steidel et al. 2000
LAE average local density
Hayashino et al. 2004 Matsuda et al. 2004 Subaru
Scam NB 7h
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New Very Wide-Field Lya Emitters Survey at
SSA22 area

• 2 x 10-17 erg/s/cm2
• EWobs gt 120 Å

Lya Emitters
w/ Hayashino, Matsuda, Nakamura, et al.
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Estimation of the Large-Scale Over-density
Control fields SDF, SXDS, (GOODS-N)
Vs.CDM linear theory
Millenium Simulation Over-density distribution of
SF galaxies
Vs. False LAE in Millenium Simulation
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Lya Emission Equivalent Width and IMF
Constant continuous SF history 1/20solar
metallicity Model A Salpeter IMF x2.35 Model
B Top heavy IMF x0.5 Ml1 Msun Mu120 Msun
240Å

EW0 gt 240 Å POPIII ? If constant continuous SFH
Malhotra et sl. 2002 Charlot and Fall 1993
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Summary Previous Subaru Wide-Area Surveys ? The
deepest search for the highest-redshift objects
0.25 deg2 (1 Scam FoV) SDF, others.. ?
Tracing Structure Formation and Galaxy
Formation/Evolution 1 deg2 (4 Scam FoV)
SXDS, COSMOS, others.. ? 10 deg2 limited
band/depth coverage Future Prospects w/HSC
Precision Cosmology favors 1000 deg2 surveys
Galaxy Deep Surveys deepest 10 deg2
wide and deep 100 deg2 especially for NB
survey