Yugoslavia

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Yugoslavia

• Prior to 1992, contained countries of
• Slovenia
• Croatia
• Yugoslavia (Serbia Montenegro)
• Fmr. Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

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• Conflict began in 1900, but gained momentum in
  1913
• Assassination of Austro-Hungarian heir in
  Sarajevo (Bosnia)
• He was promoting opposition to Serbian nationalism

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Post WWI Europe

• Yugoslavia created in 1929 from Kingdom of Serbs,
  Croats, Slovenes
• Government dominated by Serbs
• King Alexander I killed in 1934

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World War II

• Hitler created Croatia to reward Croats in
  Yugoslavia that welcomed the Nazis
• During war, there were constant ethnic conflicts
  within Croatia
• Josip Tito led resistance against Germans

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Post WWII

• 1945- Tito declares the socialist country of
  Yugoslavia
• Made up of independent republics (helped keep
  nationalists happy)
• Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia,
  Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Macedonia
• Kosovo was part of Serbia

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Late 20th Century

• Tito dies in 1980
• Ethnic tensions grow for next decade
• Communism replaced by nationalism
• First conflict was bet. Croatia Serbia
• Thousands of refugees flee to other parts of
  Yugoslavia

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The Balkans Conflict

• Bosnia Serbia became central conflict
• Serbs wanted to remain part of Yugoslavia
• Serbian army began program of ethnic cleansing of
  Bosnian Muslims
• Sarajevo besieged by Serbian army
• Bosnian Muslims also fighting Bosnian Croats who
  wanted an independent Croatia

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• November 1995- The Dayton Peace Accords
• created two self-governing entities within Bosnia
  - the Bosnian Serb Republic and the Muslim-Croat
  Federation
• Croatia eventually took back lands lost to Serbia

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Kosovo

• 1989- Kosovos autonomy removed it becomes
  directly controlled by Serbia
• 1998- Kosovo Liberation Army rebels
• International community does not support Kosovo

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Serbian Reaction

• Slobodan Milosevic is leader of Serbia
• Does not control Kosovo revolt quickly enough
• NATO launches air strikes against Kosovar
  Serbian targets
• Milosevic begins taking care of business

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• After air strikes begin, tens of thousands of
  Kosovo Albanian refugees begin pouring out of
  Kosovo with accounts of killings, atrocities and
  forced expulsions at the hands of Serb forces.
• UN becomes interested in what is going on in
  Kosovo

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21st Century

• 2000- Milosevic loses election but refuses to
  leave government
• Captured handed over to the UN war crimes
  tribunal
• Died on March 11, 2006

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• Kosovo has been UN protectorate since end of
  conflict
• Some government powers have been returned to
  local authorities
• Conflicts have continued in former Yugoslavia
• Serbs Albanians
• Macedonia

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