Large Scale Interconnects Wide Area Network WAN

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Large Scale InterconnectsWide Area Network (WAN)

• Paul Joldersma
• Hsin-I Huang
• Richard Thompson
• Matt Woicik

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Agenda

• WAN Introductions
• Real-World Example
• Wireless WANs
• WAN Potential

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WAN Introductions
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WAN Introductions

• LAN (local area network) - Network that links
  computers, printers and other devices located in
  an office, a building or even a campus
• WAN (wide area network) - System that extends for
  greater distances and is used to connect LANs
  together.

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Interconnections To link LANs into a WAN

• DSL - Speeds up to a very fast 1.54 Mbps
• T1- A digital transmission link with a total
  signaling speed of 1.544 Mbps
• T3 - Comprised of 28 T1 lines - 45 Mbps
• OC1 - 51.85 Mbps
• OC3 - 155.52 Mbps
• Frame Relay - A telecommunication service
  designed for cost-efficient data transmission for
  intermittent traffic between LANs and between
  end-points in a WAN

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Key Components of a WAN I

• Access Router - the gateway devices connected to
  LANs
• WAN connections - the actual connectivity between
  sites

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Key Components of a WAN II

• DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)
• 1.54 Mbps
• To delivers reliable, high-speed
• office-to-office connectivity over
• traditional copper wires
• Affordable to most small businesses
• Security - Prevent any unauthorized people from
  accessing communications between sites

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Real-World Example
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WAN (Real-World Example)

• Large architecture firm
• 4 offices
• Portland, Seattle, Los Angeles, Washington DC
• Reasons for implementing a WAN
• Share Internet connection
• Access email
• Transfer files
• Foster the sense of one firm but four offices
• Information and graphics based on email
  conservation with companys WAN Administrator
• (one persons view)

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The Past

• Frame Relay
• Past to 2002
• Hub-and-spoke topology
• Portland was hub
• 64 Kbps, 128 Kbps, 256 Kbps to other offices
• Issues
• Expensive
• Inflexible
• Requires routers which needed maintenance
• No way to manage
• Difficult to troubleshoot

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The Past
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The Recent Past

• Leased Lines
• 2002 to 2003
• Time Division Multiplexed Leased Lines
• 50 cost savings over Frame Relay
• Increased speed to 1.544Mbp for all offices
• Issues
• Still hub-and-spoke
• No more flexibility, just higher speeds and lower
  costs

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The Recent Past
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The Present and Future

• MPLS Multi-Protocol Label Switching
• 2003 to Future
• Fully meshed - 3 Mbps
• Layer 2 label switching
• A label is added to the packet
• Benefits
• QOS Quality of Service
• Complete control end-to-end
• No IP routing so pre-defined path, no hops
• Extend Ethernet
• No routers
• More secure
• Cost savings
• Converged network (voice, data, video)

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The Present
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The Future
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Why not use a VPN?

• Issues
• Quality, flexibility, management and ease of use
  when compared to a private WAN
• Internet is stable but not a priority in downtime
• Vendors cannot guarantee Service Level Agreements
  (SLAs)
• Requires advanced knowledge of IP Security
  (IPSec)
• Required special routers with VPN accelerators

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WAN enhancement

• Riverbed Steelhead appliance
• Reduces the latency of the WAN
• Latency is the reason why you dont get your full
  bandwidth
• For example, 1.544 Mbps is actually 900 Kbps
• TCP/IP has inherent limitations
• Reduces 87 of protocol overhead and unnecessary
  round-trips.
• Increasing bandwidth by 2.6 times
• Uses special data sequencing to cache data and
  only send across changes
• Transaction prediction
• Examples
• Users in DC connecting to Portland like LAN
• Backup warm servers across the WAN and replicate
  the changes
• http//www.riverbed.com/

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Wireless WANs
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Enabling Mobile Users

• Mobile Users and Wireless Technology The
  Beginning
• Started with proprietary wireless technologies
• Applied to Automated Data Collection years before
  802.11a/b/g
• 802.11b is still most common in industry
• Small, hand-held wireless computing allow workers
  to work throughout an entire plant or warehouse,
  collecting and receiving data real-time
• Referred to as Wireless Local Area Networking
  (WLAN)
• Wide Area Applications of Wireless Technology
• IP Tunneling
• Wireless Hops
• Wireless Wide Area Networking (WWAN)

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IP Tunneling Roaming Across Networks

• What if users want to work wirelessly across
  multiple sites?
• Could use DHCP and have wireless infrastructure
  installed at each site
• IP Tunneling can provide static IP addressing and
  session persistence
• Generally uses privately owned networks

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IP Tunneling Roaming Across Networks

• What is IP Tunneling?
• IP Tunneling uses encapsulation to carry entire
  original packets across a router using IP
• The outer IP and other header information is then
  stripped and the original packet is provided on
  the wired network
• Mobile IP is a similar method, defined by TCP/IP
• Most implementations require a client and/or
  server to manage
• Our solution uses encapsulation and spanning tree
  to extend the wireless network across routers
• Allows roaming across subnets seamlessly

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IP Tunneling Example
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Wireless HopsExtending Wired Networks

• Wireless Hops can connect and extend networks
• Alternative to wired options for connecting
  buildings that are 100s of feet or even miles
  apart
• Saves trouble and expense
• Usually 802.11bs range is a few hundred feet,
  but vendors use high power directional antennas
  to extend significantly
• Must have Line of Sight

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Wireless Hops Example
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Wireless WANs

• Butwhat if users need to work across a much
  wider geographic area such as a whole city, or
  even several states???

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Wireless Wide Area NetworksHelping bring your
favorite stuff to a store near you!

• A couple well-known customers

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Wireless WANs

• Some WWAN Fun Facts
• This technology allows route drivers to receive
  and transmit real-time data wherever they are
  (Earlier solutions involved batched data, sent by
  modem)
• Latest networks are shared use, packets-as-needed
  rather than circuit-based, making them cheaper
• Several providersmust match standard and
  provider
• Must subscribe to providers service
• Some interfaces use SIM cards for activation,
  just like mobile phones
• Basically a cellular technology used for mobile
  phones as well
• Limited bandwidths, speed depending on technology
  and number of channels used
• Similar to modem speeds 14.4 Kbps to 114 Kbps
• Some newer technologies promising 384 Kbps (EDGE)

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Wireless WANs

• Some Service Types
• Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Uses
  multiplexing, which allows numerous signals to
  occupy a single transmission channel
• General Packet Radio Services (GPRS)
  Packet-basedused to provide data to phone and
  laptops
• Global System for Mobile communication (GMS)
  Most widely used worldwide and is the de facto
  standard in Europe
• Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE) Newer
  faster service available since around 2001

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Wireless WANs

• WWAN Enables Mobile Users to
• Download the days deliveries and orders
• Enter new orders
• Track inventory a store has on hand
• Capture signatures
• Print receipts
• Run reports
• Close out day
• Other Customers Include
• UPS
• Bimbo Bakeries (largest baked goods provider in
  Mexico)
• Carlsberg Breweries
• Camera based device allowed real estate agents
  and appraisers to collect property photos

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Local and Wide Area Wireless
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WAN Potential
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Upgrade Fast WAN, More Storage

• SEC upgrades infrastructure
• Increased traffic in imaging and optical
  character-recognition files
• System will handle 30 to 50 terabytes of data in
  first year
• 2 high-speed 45-Mbps pipes at every office

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Cisco, 3Com fire up new WAN routers

• Cisco faces more competition than ever
• Complete refresh of enterprise WAN access routers
  for 2004
• Addresses security concerns/ obsolescent
  technology
• will combine VoIP, VPN, firewall and
  intrusion-detection system (IDS) support

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Start-up crams more data onto WAN

• Orbit boosts throughput on WAN connections 10
  times over TCP
• TCP can lead to throttled-back connections,
  Orbit uses a feedback mechanism to use full
  network connection
• Sold in pairs with one at each end of a WAN link
• Pricing ranges from 12,000 for T-I throughput to
  50,000 for 200M bit/sec throughput

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VoIP for Global Companies

• Potential saving of 95, VoIP averages 2 cents
  per minute
• International long distance rates average 53
  cents per minute
• International teleconferencing rates average
  20-35 cents per minute
• Three year window of opportunity

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How some rural communities are installing
high-speed Internet connections

• Cable franchises are not interested in wiring
  rural areas for broadband
• 70 small communities are bridging the digital
  divide on their own
• Kutztown PA, spent 5 million to bring residents
  cable TV, telephone and Internet service
• Fiber-optic lines connect the entire town to the
  internet costs is less than half that of private
  carriers

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References

• Hochmuth, P. (Sep 13, 2004). Cisco, 3Com fire up
  new WAN routers. Network World, Vol.21, Iss. 37.
  Retrieved November, 2004, from http//proquest.umi
  .com
• Denoia, L., Randall, T. (Aug 2, 2004). Making the
  case for VoIP. Network World, Vol.21, Iss. 31.
  Retrieved November, 2004, from http//proquest.umi
  .com
• Greene, T. (Jul 5, 2004). Start-up crams more
  data onto WAN. Network World, Vol.21, Iss. 27.
  Retrieved November, 2004, from http//proquest.umi
  .com
• Upgrade Fast WAN, More Storage. (August 16,
  2004). InformationWeek. Retrieved November, 2004,
  from http//web4.infotrac.galegroup.com
• How some rural communities are installing
  high-speed Internet connections. (November 29,
  2004). NPR Morning Edition 1100 AM EST NPR.
  Retrieved November, 2004, from http//web.lexis-ne
  xis.com

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Q A