BIOLOGY 1403 REVIEW

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BIOLOGY 1403 REVIEW

• CONCEPTS METHODS IN BIOLOGY

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BIOLOGY IS.

• The scientific study of life

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Key Concepts

• There is unity and diversity in the world of life
• Theories of evolution and natural selection
  explain lifes diversity
• Biology is based on observations, hypotheses,
  prediction, and experimental tests

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DNA, Energy, and Life

• All organisms consist of one or more cells
• Cells arise only from pre-existing cells
• The signature molecule of cells is DNA
• DNA encodes protein-building instructions
• RNAs help carry out these instructions

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Life is..

• Forming living cells from atoms molecules
• capturing using energy and raw materials
• Ability to grow reproduce
• Ability to evolve

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All living things.

• Are made of cells
• Require energy
• Grow reproduce
• Sense respond to their environment

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Levels of Biological Organization Hierarchy of
Organization
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Levels of Biological Organization Hierarchy
of Organization
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Interdependencies Among Organisms

• Producers
• Make their own food
• Consumers
• Depend on energy stored in tissues of producers
• Decomposers
• Break down molecules to simpler materials

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Energy Flow Materials Cycling
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Classification

• Species
• Genus
• Family
• Order
• Class
• Phylum
• Kingdom

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Six Kingdoms

• Fungi
• Multicelled
• Decomposers
• Eukaryotic
• Plantae
• Photosynthetic
• Eukaryotic
• Animalia
• Consumers
• Eukaryotic

• Archaebacteria
• Anaerobic cells
• Prokaryotic
• Eubacteria
• Bacteria
• Prokaryotic
• Protista
• Single and multicelled
• Eukaryotic

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Evolution is.

• A change in one or more characteristics in a
  population of organisms over time.

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An Evolutionary View of Diversity

• Mutation
• Molecular change in DNA
• Original source of variations in heritable traits
• May be harmful, harmless, or beneficial
• Adaptive trait
• Any trait that helps an organism survive and
  reproduce
• Whether a trait is adaptive or not depends on
  prevailing conditions

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Natural selection is.

• The natural method in which random variations
  occur among organisms and some external agent in
  the environment selects those individuals better
  able to survive.

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Natural selection

• Is the most important influence on evolution
• Occurs when an organism is subject to its
  environment
• Allows the fittest to survive and pass on their
  genes to offspring

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What are some examples of organisms expressing
environmental fitness?

• Resistance to disease
• Antibiotic resistance by bacteria
• Ability to avoid predators
• Ability to obtain food