EuroScience Open Forum 2004

1
Should Europe explore the planets?

• 1445 Welcome and Introduction
• 1500 1545 The European Space Exploration
  Programme Piero Messina (ESA, Paris)
• 1545 1615 QA
• 1615 1645 Scientific aspects of planetary
  exploration Gerhard Kminek (ESA/ESTEC,
  Noordwijk )
• 1645 end QA

2
European Space Exploration Programme

• EuroScience Open Forum 2004
• Should Europe explore the Planets
• Stockholm, August 28th 2004
• Piero Messina piero.messina_at_esa.int

3
Europe and Space

• Canada participates in some projects as an
  Associate State
• Greece and Luxembourg are in the process of
  joining ESA

4
Europe and Space
Kiruna
ESTEC (Noordwijk)
Redu EAC Cologne ESOC (Darmstadt)
Brussels ESA Paris Toulouse
Villafranca
ESA world locations
ESRIN (Frascati) Fucino
CDN
Moscow
Washington
Maspalomas
Houston
Kourou
Malindi
Libreville
Natal
Perth
Ascension
ESA world locations
01/2002 - 9
5
Europe and Space
Budgets for 2004, break-down by Programmes
ME Million of Euro
Technology - 2, 66 ME
General Budget - 7, 185.78 ME
Associated to General Bugget 5, 133.13 ME
Financed by third parties 5, 131.55 ME
Space Science - 14, 370 ME
Launchers - 17, 458.26 ME
Earth Observation 12, 322.77 ME
Human Space Flight 16, 421.11 ME
Telecommunications 7, 194.37 ME
Microgravity - 3, 78.94 ME
Navigation - 12, 336.41 ME
01/2002 - 9
01/2004 - 15
6
Europe and Space
TOTAL DES CONTRIBUTIONS des Etats membres aux
programmes obligatoires et facultatifs de lESA
Member States' contributions to ESA's Mandatory
programmes calculated on the basis of their GNP
01/2002 - 9
01/2004 - 15
7
Europe and Space
All Member States participate in activities and a
common set of programmes related to Space Science
mandatory Programme.
In addition, Members States chose the level of
participation in optional programmes

• Microgravity research

• Human space flight

• Launcher development

• Earth observation

• Telecommunications

• Satellite navigation

01/2002 - 9
01/2004 - 15
10/2003 - 4
8
Europe and Space
Space exploration is inherent to ESAs mandate
and activities. Several missions had the
objective to explore and unveil our Solar
Systems secrets
Cassini / Huygens
Rosetta
SMART - 1
Mars Express
Venus Express
10/2003 - 29
9
Europe and Space
Europe is also a Partner of the International
Space Station and has its own Astronaut corps
ESAS COLUMBUS LABORATORY
10/2003 - 29
10/2003 - 40
10
Towards an European Framework for Exploration

• Late 2000 a reflection was launched on Europes
  role in the future exploration of our Solar
  system and on possible destinations for robotic
  and human exploration
• survey was conducted to which over 300
  scientists replied from all over Europe
• Further consultation with industry (incl.
  SMEs), academia and national instances
• ESA Council at Ministerial level endorsed in
  November 2001 the preparatory activities for an
  Exploration Programme (Aurora)

11
Aurora Programme Roadmap
12
A changing context

• On January 14, 2004 President George W. Bush set
  a new space exploration agenda for the U.S. and
  suggested that this should be done with
  international participation
• no useful feedback from some European missions
  to Mars (either du to failure or cancellation)
• Establishment of a European Space Programme

13
Space Exploration and the European Space Policy

• A balanced European Space Programme is made up of
  the following elements
• basic / enabling
• utilitarian
• inspirational

14
EC White Paper Space a new European frontier
for an expanding Union

• The long-term vision as currently under
  definition by ESA for solar-system exploration
  will have to be taken into account and properly
  supported.

15
Space Exploration Some of Europes main drivers

• Knowledge
• Innovation Competitiveness
• Inspiration
• Identity
• Global security

16
The European Space Exploration Programme

• Follow on of the Aurora Preparatory phase
• Supported by an Exploration Programme Advisory
  Committee and a Board of Participants
• these today are A, B, CH, E, F, I, NL, P, UK
  and Canada

17
Features of the European Space Exploration
Programme

• Part of a global undertaking
• Robustness
• Flexibility
• In its Preparatory Phase
• Aiming at understanding the whole picture and to
  develop building blocks

18
Content of the European Space Exploration
Programme

• Build on experience acquired by Europe in
  robotic exploration and LEO human flights
• Main destinations are the moon and Mars
• Combination of ground based activities,
  technology development, robotic and human
  missions

19
International Cooperation

• Europes view is based on a strong, balanced
  international cooperation as enabler of robotic
  and human exploration of the moon and Mars
• US new vision is a new positive element
• other Partners are to be considered
• each Partner will make best use of its
  capabilities and expertise

20
Elements of the Preparatory Activities of
European Space Exploration Programme

• Development of scenarios and of a roadmap
• Technology validation missions (EDLS, EVD)
• Early Robotic missions (ExoMars, MSR)
• Improving Human spaceflight capabilities
  (incl.life support, operations and training
  etc.)
• Other Enabling technologies

21
Early Robotic Missions ExoMars (1/2)

• - Due to be launched in 2009
• Orbiter and a Descent module delivering a rover
• 40 kg. Exobiology payload (Pasteur)
• Parallel studies are being conducted

22
Early Robotic Missions ExoMars (2/2)

• Scientific Objectives
• Search for signs of past and present life
• Identification and characterisation of potential
  hazards to humans
• Enhancement of the knowledge of the Martian
  environment.

23
Early Robotic Missions Mars Sample Return (1/2)

• - Due to be launched in 2011/2013
• Two composite S/c first an Orbiter and a
  Re-entry Capsule, then a DM/MAV
• a candidate for international cooperation
• Parallel Ph.A studies are being conducted

24
Early Robotic Missions Mars Sample Return (2/2)

• Objectives
• Mars ascent vehicle validation
• Forward and backward planetary protection
• Operational aspects of a round trip to Mars

25
The Moon

• - an intermediate important step on the long
  journey to Mars
• test bed for key technologies and rehearsal
  missions
• platform for science
• ISRU

26
The Moon

• Human Missions to the Moon will validate the
  Transfer Habitation Module, EVA, Operations,
  Earth Re-entry and Crew Performance.

27
A long journey
The first human mission to Mars is foreseen no
early than 2033 This will require extensive
technological advancement in areas like life
support systems, effects of radiation and
shielding medical and physiological aspects,
psychological reactions
28
Final destination Mars

• - still much more to know on martian environment
  and its hazards to humans
• robots will help us fill the knowledge gap and
  pave the way for safe exploration
• only humans, however, can achieve proper
  exploration.

29
In conclusion
Europe is preparing to contribute to a great
achievement of XXI century
A great achievement of XX century
30
Thank you !