Review Questions Advanced Exercise Physiology Lecture 10 Review and Beyond

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Review QuestionsAdvanced Exercise Physiology
Lecture 10 Review and Beyond

• Dr. Moran
• 11.16.05

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Review Question 1

• Briefly explain the purpose of the Conconi Field
  Test. What is it attempting to assess? Is it a
  good coaching tool to employ?
• The Conconi Test is a field that has been adapted
  for numerous endurance sports xc-skiing,
  distance running, cycling, etc. It attempts to
  find the precise exercise intensity in which to
  improve maximal oxygen uptake (max VO2).
  Although it was originally reported to be a good
  field test and fairly accurate to laboratory
  measurements, more recent studies have shown that
  it is not a RELIABLE test. This indicates that
  if 1 athlete was tested within a short time frame
  the test would not give the same results. As a
  result this test is not recommended to field
  professionals, however, it could be beneficial
  for some athletes.

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Review Question 2

• Which of the following is NOT a valid term to
  describe the exercise intensity point in which
  removal of lactate is not adequate?
• a.) Lactate Threshold (LT)
• b.) Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation (OBLA)
• c.) Anaerobic Threshold
• d.) Aerobic Threshold

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Review Question 3

• Training alters the of VO2 maximum in which
  OBLA occurs. For an untrained person where of
  VO2 max can OBLA be expected? How about a
  trained athlete? What physiological adaptations
  allow this substantial difference?
• For an untrained person OBLA can be expected to
  occur at 55 of VO2 max, while for a trained
  athlete it is more typical to record OBLA at
  85 VO2 max. The trained athlete can operate at
  greater exercise intensities and remain below
  OBLA because of the following adaptations
• Due to a blunted catecholamine response
• Catecholamines stimulate glycolysis but not
  oxidative enzymes
• Increased ability to deliver and extract oxygen
• Increased lactate utilization

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Review Question 4

• Describe two training techniques that can be used
  to improve LT.
• Steady-state (tempo) runs right below, at, or
  above the LT intensity help to create the best
  stimulus to bring about physiological adaptations
  that will increase the intensity at which OBLA
  occurs. The duration LT pace runs will be
  affected by training status, type of activity,
  and duration of goal event.
• Interval training are short runs greater than 45
  seconds in duration much faster than LT pace. An
  adequate amount of rest is granted between
  intervals to allow blood lactate levels to return
  below the OBLA point. Again this short burst of
  lactate create a stimulus for the physiological
  system to adapt to handle the increased lactate
  levels.

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Review Question 5

• Briefly explain why the production of lactic acid
  through glycolysis is an elegant design? Be sure
  to describe the fate of lactic acid after it is
  produced.
• The production of lactate acid at the end of
  anaerobic metabolism is an elegant design because
  lactate can be used as an energy substrate by
  both the liver and the heart. A person producing
  lactate above the OBLA point indicates that they
  are exercising intensely. Obviously at this
  point of exercise the cardiac system will be
  under a significant amount of stress so the fact
  that lactate can be used by the heart as an
  energy substrate represents a great use for
  lactate. Lactate can also be taken up by the
  liver an used as a building block for glycogen,
  again an action that would help to prolong
  exercise.

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Review Question 5

• What is the lactate shuttle and how does
  endurance training improve it?
• The lactate shuttle describes the transport from
  muscle fibers primarily engaged in glycolytic
  metabolism. The produced lactate is shuttled to
  nearby muscle fibers via the lactate shuttle to
  fibers where it can be oxidized for energy.
  Monocarboxlate transporters (MCT) facilitate the
  transport of lactate from the cytosol into the
  mitochondria where it can be metabolized.
  Endurance training has been shown to increase the
  concentration of MCT. In a simplistic fashion
  this can be thought to occur between type II
  fibers to type I fibers.

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Review Question 6

• What is the overall goal of a tapering program?
  As a coach how should manipulate training
  frequency, intensity, volume? How long should
  you design a tapering program and what of
  performance gains can be expected?
• The tapering goal is reduce psychological and
  physiological effects of everyday training with
  the thought that performance can be maximized by
  0.5-6 over a short time frame. Research has not
  shown what is the best duration of a tapering
  program, although anywhere from 4-28d seems
  optimal. A coach should reduce training
  frequency by now more than 20 and volume by no
  more than 40 but maintain training intensity
  during the program. Four types of tapering
  programs have been described linear, fast
  exponential, slow exponential, and step. It is
  still unclear which program is optimal for a
  given type of athlete.

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Practical Application 1

• Describe the contribution of each fuel substrate
  (carbohydrates, fat, protein, lactate) to the
  total energy production of an individual running
  at 75 VO2 max (OBLA _at_ 70). For the past two
  days, this persons typical diet is 10 CHO, 40
  fat, and 50 protein. After two months of
  intensive training, this same individual raises
  her OBLA point to 80 of VO2 max. After the
  training, describe the contribution of each fuel
  substrate (CHO, Fat, Protein, Lactate) to the
  total energy production if she is running at 75
  max VO2 max. Be sure to include the control or
  feedback mechanisms responsible for dictating her
  fuel of choice in both cases and specific
  alterations associated with conditioning that may
  change the fuel substrate. After 3 hours of
  continuous running at 75 of VO2 max, justify why
  she must slow her pace. Be specific. Describe the
  physiological mechanisms responsible for
  increasing her anaerobic threshold.