Geothermal Development in All 50 States TODAY

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Geothermal Development in All 50 States TODAY !
John D. Geyer John Geyer Associates, Inc. GRC
Annual Meeting Reno, NV October, 2007
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National Renewable Energy Laboratory Geothermal
Resources Workshop on May 16, 2006

• Geothermal resources could meet a substantial
  portion of the Nations energy needs in the
  twenty-first century.
• In fact, when including geothermal heat pumps,
  geothermal energy is used today in all 50
  states.

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Earth-Coupled Heat Exchanger Loops
work like an Underground Boiler
Chiller
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Geothermal Ground-Coupled Heat Exchangers are
closed loops of HDPE Pipe in Vertical Bores

• The objective in Ground Heat Exchanger
  drilling is to install a specific total length of
  heat exchanger in a vertical configuration it is
  not important to reach a given depth at a
  particular site.
• No temperature gradient is involved ambient
  temperature works as a heat sink or source.
• Soil and rock conditions will determine drill
  rates and, consequently, an economical bore hole
  depth. Most bores are 200 to 400 feet
  deep, with 50 foot minimum.

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Geothermal Development Drilling

• A typical 2,200 SF Residence requires 800 feet of
  drilled borehole
• A typical Elementary School requires 25,000 feet
  of drilled borehole
• A typical High School requires 80,000 feet of
  drilled borehole
• U.S. geothermal loop drilling in 2007 will exceed
  25 million feet and 400 million without
  Production Tax Credits or other subsidies

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Typical Borehole

• 4.5 to 6 inch Diameter hole surface casing
  optional
• 150 to 400 feet deep
• 12 to 20 foot horizontal spacing
• Drilled with air or 6-8 Bentonite mud
• Insert HDPE loop, with tremie, to total depth
• Pressure grout from bottom with 20-25 Bentonite
• Loop-spreader Clips or Thermal Grout is optional

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What makes Geothermal Heat Pumpsso efficient?

• Heat Pumps collect heat from the ground and
  concentrate it for delivery into the building.
• For 1 unit of energy (1 kWe) taken from the grid,
  2 to 3 equal units of thermal energy are taken
  from the earth (via water in closed loops).
• Grid-power runs the refrigerant compressor,
  ground loop circulating pump and blower fan.
• All other energy is Clean, Free and Renewable.
• When running backward, heat pumps cool by
  collecting heat from the building and storing it
  in the ground (for use in the next heating
  season).

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US Market Today

• Average 20 annual growth
• More than 1,200,000 house-sized units now
  installed
• Annual savings of 8 billion kWh and 40 trillion
  Btu of fossil fuels (2006)
• Reduced electric demand by over 2.6 million kW
• Eliminated more than 5.8 million metric tons of
  CO2

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US Environmental Impact equivalent to

• Nearly 2,200,000 cars off the road
• More than 900 million trees planted
• Reduce reliance on imported fuels by 21.5 million
  barrels of crude oil per year

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Geothermal Heat Pumps Today
Investment
Geography
Yield
Now more than 500 MWt annually with more than
7000 MWt to date
Now Over 1 Billion Annually
Now Available and Applicable in 50 States DC
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GHP as a Bridge Technology
GHPs enhance other renewables by multiplying
their savings effect.
Other Renew- ables
FuelCells
Solar
Wind
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Energy Cost Comparison One Million BTUs
Residential (4 or 5 days of
heavy usage)

• Propane 80 Eff. / 2.50 / Gal.
  45.56
• Electric Furnace 100 Eff. / 7/kWh
  28.13
• Natural Gas 80 Eff. /1.35 /Therm
  22.86
• Elect. Baseboard 100 Eff. / No Duct Loss
  21.09
• 2 Fuel Oil 80 Eff. /2.20 / Gal.
  19.77
• Elec Heat Pump 150-250 Eff 17.74
• Geo Heat Pump 300500 Eff 8.05

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Energy Cost Comparison
2,000 SF Home 4 Seasons

• Monthly 9 Heating Ratio to GX
• Cost Months
• Propane 273 2,457
  5.66 1
• Electric Furnace 169 1,521 3.50 1
• Natural Gas 137 1,233 2.84 1
• Elect. Baseboard 127 1,143 2.62 1
• 2 Fuel Oil 119 1,071 2.45 1
• Elec Heat Pump 106 958 2.21 1
• Geo Heat Pump 48 432 (576 for 12 Mo.)

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Geothermal Heat Pump Market Goals

• Part of national Climate Change Action Plan
• A collaborative effort
• US Department of Energy (DOE)
• US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
• Private sector
• Overall Goals (circa 1994 to Present)
• Make GeoExchange industry self-sustaining Attain
  Geothermal Heat Pump sales of 400,000 annually
• Build system sales, reduce greenhouse gas
  emissions and decrease national energy
  consumption
• Reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 1.5 million
  metric tons of carbon equivalents annually

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U.S. Geothermal Growth ForecastGeothermal Heat
Pump portion of the Geothermal Energy Spectrum
(NREL/ DOE Poll, May 2006)
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At last, Geo-Politics Beyond Argument!
President George W. Bush installed a GeoExchange
System in his Texas Ranch
Naval Observatory, home for U.S. Vice President
Dick Cheney, has a GeoExchangeSystem in the
AdministrationBuilding
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And, last but not least, the Nashville, TN
residence of Mr. Al Gore, Jr.

• Geothermal Heat Pumps installed in August, 2007

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Thank You for your Attention.

• For more information, contact
• International Ground Source Heat Pump
  Association at Oklahoma State
  University
• www.igshpa.okstate.edu
• Geothermal National International Initiative
  (Geo-NII)
• www.geo-nii.org
• Geothermal Heat Pump Consortium
• www.geoexchange.org
• John Geyer Associates, Inc.
• jgeyer_at_jgainc.com