Power Engineering in Slovakia Today and in The Future

1
Power Engineering in Slovakia Today and in The
Future
Prof. Ing. Frantiek Janícek, PhD. Ing. Munir
Paagic
2
Worldwide consumption of the primary energy
sources
Primary energy sources consumption in 2007
change worldwide increase by 2.4 in EU
decrease by 2.2 in China increase by 7.7
Oil
Coal
Nuclear
Natural gas
Water
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ource www.bp.com
3
Consumption of the primary energy sources in
2007
European Union
World
Slovakia
106 tons of oil equivalent (toe)
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________________________________________________S
ource British Petroleum www.bp.com
4
Situation in Selected European Countries
Oil
Coal
Nuclear
Gas
Hydro
Wind
Other
Total Production
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________________________________________________S
ource www.bp.com
5
Worldwide Installed Capacity of RES
160 GW 4 of overall worldwide instaled
capacity
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ource A status report on RES, Earthscan, 2004
6
Political decision at EU level

• The European Council in its conclusions of 8/9
  March 2007 endorsed conditionally as EU objective
  a 30 reduction of GHG emission by 2020 compared
  to 1990 and made a firm commitment to achieve at
  least 20 reduction by 2020.
• Further historic commitments of EU are on the
  reduction of energy consumption by 20 compared
  with projections for 2020, and a binding target
  for a 20 share of renewable energy sources in
  overall energy consumption in 2020.
• This is so called 20x20x20 energy strategy

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ource www.euractive.net
7
Causes of the Installed Capacity Decline in EU

• International obligations
• Oldness/obsolescence of power plants
• Environmental criteria
• Impacts
• Increase in power electricity costs
• Problems with energy supply

8
Situation in Europe

• Hungary importer
• Austria importer since 2001
• Slovakia importer since 2007
• Germany flat balance
• Poland small exporter
• Czech republic exporter (till 2014 2019 ?)
• France exporter

9
Slovak installed capacity in 2006
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ource SEPS, a.s.
10
Share of sources covering consumption of SR in
2002 2007
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ource SEPS, a.s.
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Present state and development of energy sources

• Overview of present primary energy sources and
  their utilization in power generation

12
Coal in Slovakia

• Proved reserves (2005) 262 Mt
• (brown and hard coal total)
• Yearly mining 2,51 Mt
• Consumption 8,9 Mt
• Import from Poland, Czech republic, Russia and
  Ukraine

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ource Survey of Energy Resources, WEC 2007
13
Oil and Natural Gas in Slovakia

• Minimum own reserves (9.106 barrels).
• Import oil pipeline, gas pipeline, storages,
  refineries.
• Map shows planned gas pipelines from the eastern
  suppliers.

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ource Survey of Energy Resources, WEC 2007
14
Nuclear Energy in Slovakia

• Phasing out of the present nuclear power plants
  in Jaslovske Bohunice
• Completion of Mochovce 3, 4 NPP
• Potential construction of new NPP
• Processing of burned nuclear fuel

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Nuclear Power Plants
Installed capacity of NP in Slovakia was 2 640 MW
in 2006. Present installed capacity of NP in
Slovakia was 1 760 MW. In the year 2005 they
produced 17 726,5 GWh of total 26 471 GWh
electrical power.
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Water energy

• Technological potential for electric energy
  generation 6 600 GWh per year.
• 25 big hydro power plants are built
• Installed capacity 2446 MW,
• Possible usage from available technological
  potential in big hydro power plants 5 600 GWh,
  (75 currently used).
• In small hydro power plants available 1000 GWh
  per year, (15 of potential).
• Technological potential is currently used at less
  then 25 .

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ource Stratégia vyuívania OZE 2006, MH SR
17
Hydro power plants
735 MW
720 MW
22 500 MW
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Wind energy

• Wind energy potential in SR is estimated on 1
  135 GWh at 600 MW installed capacity
• Usage of bigger turbines can double it
• Substantial number of requests for the connection
  to transmission network
• Impact on power grid system
• Environmental aspects

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ource Stratégia vyuívania OZE 2006, MH SR
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Wind Turbines
Slovak Wind Power Plant - Cerova
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Solar Energy

• Technological potential is estimated at 9 450
  GWh (34 000 TJ) per year
• about 100 TJ (more than 50 000 m2 of solar
  collectors) were used for water heating in 2005,
  growth is about 5 thousands m2 of collectors
• Usable potential for electricity production is
  forecasted in Energy Policy of SR as 1540 GWh
• currently used is 0.1 GWh

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ource Stratégia vyuívania OZE 2006, MH SR
21
Geothermal Energy

• Slovakia has notable potential for geothermal
  energy. According to the existing research and
  exploration is estimated at 5 538 MWt.
• Geothermal energy is in Slovakia currently used
  in 36 localities with thermal output 131 MWt.
• Usable potential for production of electrical
  energy is estimated at 60 GWh per year.
• Just one locality in Kosice Basin has the
  potential to produce electrical power at 5 MW
  with expected output 40 GWh per year.

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________________________________________________S
ource Stratégia vyuívania OZE 2006, MH SR
22
Energy from Biomass

• Highest economically usable potential
• forest, agricultural and waste biomass
• Usable for the production of electric power, heat
  and fuels
• Energetic potential of biomass can cover up to
  15 of yearly energy consumption in Slovakia (120
  PJ from 800 PJ)
• Using of this potential can increase the share of
  energy production from renewable energy sources

23
Biomass Sources
24
History of Primary Energy Sources Consumption in
Slovakia
Oil
Coal
Heat from nuclear plants
Natural gas
Renewable energy sources
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ource www.economy.gov.sk
25
Transmission Network Border Profiles of Slovakia
in 2007
Import 13 580 GWh Export 11 855 GWh Saldo
1 725 GWh
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ource Yearbook of SEPS, a.s.
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Prognosis of Electrical Energy Consumption in SR
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ource SEPS, a.s.
27
Prognosis of Eventual Energy Sources Share on
Electrical Energy Production up to 2030
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ource SEPS, a.s.
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Goals of Energy Policy of SR

• Secure effective, safe, and reliable supply of
  all forms of energy in desired amount and quality
• Lower the share of energy consumption per capita
  of GDP increasing the energy efficiency
• Secure appropriate amount of energy production
  covering demand while considering maximal
  economic efficiency

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The Ideal Electricity Generating Technology

• The ideal electricity generating technology
  should have the following characteristics
• Continuous high quality electricity generation
• Simple technology that can be applied in all
  continents
• Low construction cost of its Power Plants and low
  direct cost of the produced KWh
• Easy and fast deployed technology, based on
  existing material and using local personnel for
  construction, operation and maintenance of its
  Power Plants
• Zero CO2 emissions and any other forms of
  pollution
• Zero water demand
• Zero thermal energy generation to the biosphere
• Recycling construction material
• Originated from renewable source (better solar)
  in order to secure sustainability

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Broader Contexts

• Progress of power engineering must obey the
  principles of sustainable development.
• Electrical power is due to its inherent futures
  the single most important factor improve
  environment and reduce the disparities in living
  standard around the world.
• Slovakia cant evolve its power sector in
  isolation from the outside world and not to
  respect objective development trends.
• Development of the energy sector of Slovakia
  should stand on scientific grounds it should
  respect outlined worldwide trends.

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Thank you for your attention
prof. Ing. Frantiek Janícek, PhD. Slovak
University of Technology in Bratislava frantisek.j
anicek_at_stuba.sk doc. Ing. Lubomír Jahnátek,
CSc. Ministry Economy of the SR jahnatek_at_economy.g
ov.sk Ing. Miroslav Kucera Slovak Member Commity
WEC kucera_at_energyconsumers.net Ing. Munir
Paagic D.A.L.I. M.N. tab-mezica_at_tab-mezica.sk