MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS MDGs A global agenda for development

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MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (MDGs)A global
agenda for development
2009-04-30
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• THE MGD FRAMEWORK
• ISSUES FOR DISCUSSION

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PATH TO MDGs

• EVOLUTION OF DEVELOPMENT THINKING EARLY YEARS
• EMERGENCE OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT PARADIGM IN
  1990
• UN CONFERENCES IN 1990s SHAPED DEVELOPMENT AGENDA
  AND A POSSIBLE ROADMAP
• CULMINATED IN MILLENIUM SUMMIT DECLARATION, AND
  THE MDG FRAMEWORK

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MDG FRAMEWORK

• COMMITS INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY TO AN EXPANDED
  VISION OF DEVELOPMENT
• PROMOTES HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AS KEY TO SOCIAL AND
  ECONOMIC PROGRESS
• CREATES GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT
• CONSOLIDATES TARGETS ESTABLISHED BY INTERNATIONAL
  CONFERENCES INTO EIGTH ESSENTIAL GOALS
• FIRST SEVEN MUTUALLY REINFORCING, AIMED AT
  REDUCING POVERTY IN ALL FORMS
• EIGTH GOAL GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT
  IS ABOUT MEANS TO ACHIEVE FIRST SEVEN A GRAND
  BARGAIN

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The Millennium Development Goals
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• TIME BOUND SPECIFIC TARGETS (21)
• MEASURE, MEASURE, MEASURE
• HENCE SEARCH FOR INDICATORS TO MEASURE PROGRESS
• 60 INDICATORS IDENTIFIED, REVISED AND UPDATED

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The Millennium Development Goals




i For monitoring country poverty trends,
indicators based on national poverty lines should
be used, where available.
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The Millennium Development Goals (cont.)




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The Millennium Development Goals (cont.)




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The Millennium Development Goals (cont.)




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The Millennium Development Goals (cont.)






i The actual proportion of people living in
slums is measured by a proxy, represented by the
urban population living in households with at
least one of the four characteristics (a) lack
of access to improved water supply (b) lack of
access to improved sanitation (c) overcrowding
(3 or more persons per room) and (d) dwellings
made of non-durable material.
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The Millennium Development Goals (cont.)

• Net ODA, total and to the least developed
  countries, as percentage of OECD/DAC donors
  gross national income
• Proportion of total bilateral, sector-allocable
  ODA of OECD/DAC donors to basic social services
  (basic education, primary health care, nutrition,
  safe water and sanitation)
• Proportion of bilateral official development
  assistance of OECD/DAC donors that is untied
• ODA received in landlocked developing countries
  as a proportion of their gross national incomes
• ODA received in small island developing States as
  a proportion of their gross national incomes

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The Millennium Development Goals (cont.)

• Proportion of total developed country imports (by
  value and excluding arms) from developing
  countries and least developed countries, admitted
  free of duty
• Average tariffs imposed by developed countries on
  agricultural products and textiles and clothing
  from developing countries
• Agricultural support estimate for OECD countries
  as a percentage of their gross domestic product
• Proportion of ODA provided to help build trade
  capacity )

Debt sustainability

• Total number of countries that have reached their
  HIPC decision points and number that have reached
  their HIPC completion points (cumulative)
• Debt relief committed under HIPC and MDRI
  Initiatives
• Debt service as a percentage of exports of goods
  and services

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The Millennium Development Goals (cont.)






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TYPICAL UN AGENCY RESPONSESTO MDG FRAMEWORK

• UNPRECEDENTED FOCUS, COLLECTIVE ACTION AND
  COORDINATION
• DIRECT SUPPORT TO ACHIEVEMENT OF TARGETS
  REORIENTING PROGRAMMES
• HELP CREATE ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
• ADVOCACY AND POLICY PROMOTION
• HELPING FOSTER PARTNERSHIPS
• KNOWLEDGE SHARING, NETWORKING
• CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT FOR MONITORING PROGRESS

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PROGRESS ACHIEVED

• HALVING EXTREME POVERTY REMAINS (ED) WITHIN REACH
• LARGELY DUE TO EXTRAORDINARY SUCCESS IN MOST OF
  ASIA. BUT SOME IN SOUTH ASIA AND SUBSAHARIAN
  AFRICA REMAINS OFF TARGETS
• GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS COULD ENDANGER GAINS

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PROGRESS ACHIEVED (CONT.)

• OTHER SOCIAL GOALS SOME PROMISE
• PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLMENT
• 90 REACHED IN EIGTH OUT OF TEN REGION
• GENDER PARITY 95 IN SCHOOL IN SIX OF TEN REGIONS
• DEATH FROM MEASLES CUT ONE THIRD 2000-2006
• VACCINATION RATE 80 FOR CHILDREN IN DEVELOPING
  WORLD
• 1.5 BILLION PEOPLE GAINED ACCESS TO CLEAN
  DRINKING WATER
• ACCESS TO MEDICINES SPREADING
• THANKS TO DEBT WRITE OFFS AND REDUCED DEBT
  SERVICE, SOCIAL SERVICES SPENDING UP

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CONTINUING CHALLENGES

• SOCIAL GOALS REMAIN IN JEOPARDY
• MATERNAL MORTALITY STILL WAY HIGH (1/2 MILLION
  MOTHERS DIE EVERY YEAR AT CHILD BIRTH)
• ONE QUARTER OF CHILDREN IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
  UNDERNOURISHED
• HALF DEVELOPING WORLD POPULATION STILL LACK
  IMPROVED SANITATION
• OVER ONE THIRD LIVE IN URBAN SLUMS
• AND ON AND ON

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BREAKING NEWS!

• DUE TO ECONOMIC CRISIS, DEVELOPMENT EMERGENCY
  DECLARED WHICH WILL PUT MDGs OUT OF REACH FOR
  MANY COUNTRIES
• WHILE EMERGING ECONOMIES WILL GROW AT 1.5 PERCENT
  IN 2009, ANOTHER 55-90 MILLION WILL SLIP BACK
  INTO POVERTY
• PER CAPITA INCOME WILL FALL IN SOME 50 POOR
  COUNTRIES, MOST OF THEM IN AFRICA
• DISPARITIES WILL INCREASE AND VULNERABLE
  POPULATIONS WILL BE MOST AT RISK

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THE GAPS!FINDINGS OF THE MDG GAP TASK FORCE

• ODAs
• OVERALL WENT DOWN SOMEWHAT 2005-2007 (MOSTLY
  DECLINE IN DEBT RELIEF GRANTS)
• INCREASED 2.4 IN COSTANT
• NOT INCREASING IN LINE WITH COMMITMENTS AT
  GLENEAGLE ETC.
• TRADE
• FAILURE TO CONCLUDE DEVELOPMENT ROUND BIGGEST
  IMPLEMENTATION GAP
• DEBT
• SOME PROGRESS

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OF INTEREST HERE

• ACCESS TO ESSENTIAL MEDICINES. IMPROVED FOR
  HIV/AIDS, MALARIA TB NOT FOR OTHER CHRONIC
  DISEASES
• ACCESS TO NEW TECHNOLOGIES
• TO INCREASE THE POTENTIAL OF TECHNOLOGY TO
  CONTRIBUTE TO DEVELOPMENT, WE NEED GREATER
  DIFFUSION OF APPRIATE NEW TECHNOLOGIES, INCLUDING
  ICT, AGRICULTURE, AND TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE

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WHAT OF THE FUTURE?

• DEVELOPMENT LANDSCAPE COULD BE VERY DIFFERENT
• MORE COMPLEX
• CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUES
• OTHER CHRONIC DISEASE (CANCER, CARDIAC)
• ODA REDEFINED
• NEW DONORS, NEW ACTORS, NEW FORMS OF COOPERATION
• LARGE UNFINISHED AGENDA
• FOR NEXT GENERATION OF MDGs (MDGs), TECHNOLOGY
  COULD BE KEY
• NEW TARGETS, NEW INDICATORS
• COULD THIS AGENCY PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE? IF SO,
  WHAT ISSUES?

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ISSUES FOR DISCUSSION

• GIVEN ITS UNIQUE MANDATE, IS AN MDG FRAMEWORK
  APPROPRIATE? NOW, AT THE NEXT STAGE?
• HOW TO ADDRESS BROADER DEVELOPMENT AGENDA
• ACCESS TO BROADER NATIONAL COUNTERPARTS
• EFFECTIVE PARTNERSHIPS (WITHIN UN, EXTERNALLY)
• RESOURCE LIMITATIONS? HOW TO EXPAND
• PROGRAMME APPROACH
• DIFFUSION OF TECHNOLOGIES
• ARE NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEVELOLPMENT A
  GLOBAL PUBLIC GOOD?

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• THANK YOU