Physiology

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Physiology

• By Tammy Walter
• Kristen Payton

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History of Physiology

• Aristotle and his emphasis on the relationship
  between structure and function marked the
  beginning of physiology in Ancient Greece.
• Galen was the to use experiment to probe the
  function of the body. Also the founder of
  experimental physiology.
• Ibn -al- Naifs, was the first physician to
  correctly describe the anatomy of the heart, the
  coronary circulation, the structure of the lungs,
  and the pulmonary circulation. Also first to
  describe the relationship between the lungs and
  the aeration of the blood, the cause of pulsation
  and early concept of capillary circulation.
• In the 19 century, physiological knowledge began
  to accumulate at a rapid rate, most notably in
  1838 with the cell theory, which radically stated
  that organisms are made up of units called cells.

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Neurons

• Neurons process and transmit information by
  electrochemical signaling
• Types of Neurons
• Sensory neurons- respond to touch, sound, light,
  and numerous other stimuli affecting cells of
  the sensory organs that then sends signals of the
  spinal cord and brain
• Motor neurons- received signals from the brain
  and spinal cord and cause muscle contraction and
  affect glands.
• Inter-neurons- connects neurons to other neurons
  within the brain and spinal cord.

Human physiology From Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_ph
ysiology
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Parts of Neurons

• Soma- is the central part of the neuron. It
  contains the nucleus of the cell where protein
  synthesis occurs.
• Dendrites- of the neurons are cellular extensions
  with many branches and metaphorically this
  overall shape and structure is referred to as a
  dendrites tree. This is where input to the
  neurons occurs.
• Axon- carries nerve signals away from the soma.
  Also carry some types of information back to it.
• The Axon terminal contains synapses structures
  where neurotransmitter chemicals are released in
  order to communicate with target neurons.

Human physiology From Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_ph
ysiology
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http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_physiology
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http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_physiology
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The nervous system

• The nervous system is divided into two
  Categories
• The Peripheral Nervous System- is composed of
  sensory neurons and the neurons that connect them
  to the nerve cord, spinal cord, and brain.
• Central nervous System- part of nervous system
  that function to coordinate the actually of all
  part of the bodies of multicellular organisms.

Human physiology From Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_ph
ysiology
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http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_physiology
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_physiology
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Endocrine System

• Is a system of small organs that involve the
  release of extracellular signaling molecules
  known as hormones. Also is a instrumental in
  metabolism, growth, development and puberty, and
  tissue function

Human physiology From Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_ph
ysiology
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Brain Facts

• The weight of an average human brain is about
  1300-1400g. Brain uses approximately 20 of the
  total oxygen pumping around your body. Brain stop
  growing at the age of 18. The brain is 75 of
  water.

http//www.thethinkingbusiness.co.uk/brain_facts.h
tml
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The Lobes The Frontal Lobes is located at the
front of the brain. This associated with
reasoning, motorskills Higher lever cognitive and
expressive language . At back of this lobe is the
motor cortex. This area receives information from
other lobes and utilizes this information to
carry out body movement. The Panetal Lobe is
located in middle of the brain. This associated
with processing tactile sensory information such
as pressure, touch, and pain. Another portion of
the brain is the somatosensory cortex is
essential to the processing of the body
senses. The Temporal Lobes is located bottom of
the brain. Also the primary auditory cortex is
located hers is important for the sound and
language we hear.
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_physiology
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The Overview of the Brain, The Brain, 23rd
Feb web-us.com/brain/aboutthebrain.htm - 13k
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Three Parts of the Brain

• The first segment in the lower section,
  occasionally called the brain stem, consisting of
  structures such as the medulla (controlling
  breathing, heart rate and digestion) and the
  cerebellum (coordinating senses and muscle
  movement).
• The second segment appears as a insignificant
  inflammation in lower vertebrates and enlarges in
  the higher primates and ourselves into the
  midbrain.
• The structures contained here link the lower
  brain stem to the thalamus (for information
  relay) and to the hypothalamus (which is
  instrumental in regulating drives and actions).
  The latter is part of the limbic system.

The Overview of the Brain, The Brain, 23rd
Feb web-us.com/brain/aboutthebrain.htm - 13k
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Cont.. Part of the Brain

• The limbic system, essentially alike in all
  mammals, lies above the brain stem and under the
  cortex and consists of a number of interconnected
  structures.
• Neurons affecting heart rate and respiration
  appear determined in the hypothalamus and direct
  most of the physiological changes that accompany
  strong emotion. Destructive behavior is linked to
  the action of the amygdala, which lies next to
  the hippocampus.
• The latter plays a crucial role in processing
  various forms of information as part of our long
  term memory. Damage to the hippocampus will
  produce global retrograde amnesia, or the
  incapability to lay down new stores of
  information.

The Overview of the Brain, The Brain, 23rd
Feb web-us.com/brain/aboutthebrain.htm - 13k
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Animal Brain
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain
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Animal Brains

• Animal brains tend to be adept at merely driving
  self-preservation and the continuation of their
  species.
• All animals, horses and rabid dogs included, act
  predictably and according to a simple, clearly
  defined cerebral algorithm
• http//www.yankeepotroast.org/archives/2005/10
  /human_brain_and.html

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• Cont Animal Brains
• The brain is the center of the nervous system in
  animals. All vertebrates, and the majority of
  invertebrates, have a brain. Jellyfishes and
  starfishes have a decentralized nervous system
  without a brain. In vertebrates, the brain is
  located in the head.
• http//www.righthealth.com/topic/Brain