An Introduction to

1
An Introduction to

• APA Style

2
Why do we need to know APA?

• To avoid plagiarism
• To provide a clear, uniform style for references
• To organize your paper so it is less confusing
  for the reader

3
Before you Begin

• Make sure your margins are set at 1 inch
• Use 12 pt. Times New Roman font
• Everything in your paper should be double spaced.
  (This includes block quotations, the title page
  and the reference list.)

4
Title Page

• Information Needed
• Running Head
• Header
• Title
• Name
• Institutional Affiliation

5
Sample Title Page
6
Sample Abstract
7
Headings

• APA Style uses a unique heading system to
  separate and classify paper sections.
• There are 5 heading levels in APA.
• Regardless of the number of levels, always use
  the headings in order, beginning with level 1.

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• APA Headings
• Level 1   Centered, Boldface, Uppercase and
  Lowercase Headings  
• Level 2 Left-aligned, Boldface, Uppercase and
  Lowercase Heading  
• Level 3  Indented, boldface, lowercase heading
  with period.  
• Level 4  Indented, boldface, italicized,
  lowercase heading with   period.  
• Level 5  Indented, italicized, lowercase heading
  with period.

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Headings
10
In Text/Parenthetical Documentation

• Information Required
• - Author(s) name
• - Date of Publication
• - Page number (for direct quotations)

11
Sample in-text citations

• According to Arthur (2001), the evidence was
  circumstantial.
• According to Hastings (2004), The sources
  presented provided modified results (p. 421).
• The information compiled is irrelevant to the
  successful completion of the experiment
  (Wyndmore, 1989).

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Things to remember

• Quotes of 40 or more words appear in a block
  quotation format, indented with no quotation
  marks.
• To show that the citation is not part of the
  quote, in a block quotation the period goes
  before the parentheses.
• Block quotations are double spaced

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Sample Block Quotation

• done on the wrists, arms, legs, or stomach, are
  hard enough to break the skin and possibly deep
  enough to cause bleeding and scarring however,
  they are not intended to cause permanent pain or
  suicide (Cool Nurse). According to Hayes (2005),
• Self-inflicted injury is a coping mechanism,
  albeit not a particularly healthy one, used
  by those who want to live and are struggling
  to control their emotions. This self-injurious
  act is indicative of a failure by an
  individual to develop positive coping skills
  in the face of
• overwhelming stress. (p.1172)

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Multiple Authors

• For 1-2 authors, cite both names every time.
• For 3-5 authors, cite all authors the first time
  use just the first name with et al. in
  subsequent citations
• More than 5 cite only the first author with et
  al. every time.

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References for Multiple Authors

• Up to seven authors, list every author
• For sources with eight or more authors, use the
  first six names followed by an ellpsis mark ()
  and the last authors name.
• Ex. Dolan, R., Smith, R. C., Fox, N. K., Purcell,
  L., Fleming, J., Alderfer, B., Roman, D. E.
  (2008). Management of diabetes The adolescent
  challenge. The Diabetes Educator, 34, 118-135.

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The Reference Page

• List your sources alphabetically
• Use a hanging indent if your reference is more
  than one line of text
• The word References should be centered at the
  top of the page
• Within a reference, list the authors in the same
  order they are listed in the article (do not
  alphabetize).
• Take notice of special rules for capitalization
  and italics that are unique to APA

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Citing a Book
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Print Journals

• Last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Date).
  Article title. Journal Title, volume number
  (issue number), page numbers.
• Berkerian, D. A. (1993). In search of the
  typical eyewitness. American Psychologist,
  48(3), 574-576.

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Citing a Database Article
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A Database article with DOI

• Brownlie, D. Toward effective poster
  presentations An annotated bibliography.
  European Journal of Marketing, 41(11/12),
  1245-1283. doi10.1108/03090560710821161

21
Citing a Website
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Basic Internet Citation

• Exploring linguistics. (1999, August 9).
  Retrieved from http//logos.uoregon.edu/explore/
  orthogra phy/chinese.htmltsang

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Sample Reference Page
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More Information

• The ARC is available for further assistance in
  APA format.
• Writing Tutors can help with more specific
  citation or style questions.
• Call or email anytime, 267-448-1370 or
  arc_at_gmc.edu