Drug Testing in Athletics

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Drug Testing in Athletics

• Jin Kim, Stephanie Hodge, Kimberly Botson

2
Take out a scrap of paper and write 3 words that
come to mind when you think about DRUG TESTING IN
PROFESSIONAL/OLYMPIC ATHLETICS
3
History of Drug Use in Sports

• Ancient civilizations
• 19th Century
• WWII
• Post-WWII
• Olympics
• Professional Athletics

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Drug use in pro sports
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What is the issue?

• why drugs damage sports?
• Fans
• Competitors
• Sponsors

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Types of Drugs and Their Effects

• Three main categories
• Therapeutic Drugs
• Performance Enhancing Drugs
• Growth Enhancers
• Anabolic Steroids
• Blood doping
• Erythropoietin (EPO)
• Typical Drug Misuse

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Scandal and Legislation

• Drug Free Sports Act
• BALCO

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Benefits of Drug Use

• Enhances training/performance
• Drugs are ever-changing making them hard to
  detect in testing
  
• Many excuses for athletes to use if caught

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Risks of Drug Use

• Punishment
• Dosage problems
• Damage to cardiovascular and reproductive systems
  and vital organs
  
• Psychological risks
• Death
• Possession and sale
• http//www.stupidcollege.com/items/Steroid-Freak

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VS.

• Similarities
• More violent sports More drug uses
• Differences
• Olympic games
• weightlifting, cycling and track and field sports
  
  
• Ergogenic (Strychnine , amphetamine, and anabolic
  steroids )
  
• Short term
• Pro sports
• UFC, Pride fighting, football, baseball
• anabolic steroid ,cocaine
• Long term

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Alternate View

• Drug use is widespread
• End punitive testing
• Provide athletes with education
• Place use under medical supervision

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Social Aspects

• What Americans think
• Non-athletes drug use
• Adolescent drug use
• President Get rid of steroids now
• Doctors roles

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Key Ethical Issues Pertaining to Drug Testing in
Sports

• Invasion of Privacy (main focus)
• Cheating
• Safety
• Sport System Efficiency
• Universal Trust

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Kants Theory

• Invasion of Privacy
• Does not pass Kants Categorical Imperative (from
  the testing side)
  
• Cheating
• Does not pass Kants Categorical Imperative (from
  the athlete drug user side)
  
• Safety
• Does not pass Kant Categorical Imperative (from
  the athlete drug user side)
  
• Sport System Efficiency/Universal Trust
• Would be approved with universal drug use as well
  as with universal non-drug use, Kant would pass
  universal non-drug use but not universal drug
  use.

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Utilitarianism

• Invasion of Privacy
• Would provide the greatest utility if the tests
  prove to be effective in alleviating the problem
  
• Cheating
• If cheating and drug use provided the greatest
  utility for the public and their viewing pleasure
  then it should be allowed
  
• Safety
• Drug testing provides the greatest utility to
  individual athletes and their safety
  
• Sport System Efficiency/Universal Trust
• Drug testing provides the greatest amount of
  utility to athletes and the public when it comes
  to efficiency and trust

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Virtue Ethics

• Virtues that are violated when athletes use
  drugs
  
• Integrity
• Honesty
• Being Conscientious

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Conclusion

• Two options for sports
• To test or not to test
• The ethical rational for drug testing must
  accomplish two goals
  
• Efficiently catch cheaters
• Deter future cheaters
• Should we establish two systems of sports
• A drug laced one
• A drug free one

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Questions?

• Do you think using performance enhancing drugs in
  athletics can be considered cheating?
  
• Do you think that drug testing is an invasion of
  the athletes privacy?
  
• Will the fear of testing ever truly change the
  behavior of athletes that use drugs or deter
  other athletes from starting?
  
• Should we open the playing field and allow drugs
  to be used in sports which could be in favor of
  the sports entertainment value?

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Resources

• Levy, Woodburne. "Substance Abuse in Athletes."
  University of South Florida. 21 Nov 2006
  t.htm.
• http//www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/pubs/brochures/s
  teriods/professionals/index.html
  
• http//www.alcoholmedicalscholars.org/athletes-out
  .htm
  
• http//www.humankinetics.com/PRODUCTS/SHOWPRODUCT.
  com
  
• http//www.collegesportsschlarships.com/steroids-a
  thletic-competition.com
  
• http//www.medscape.com/viewarticle/544378.com
• http//www.blues.uab.es/olympic.studies/doping/par
  ry.htm
  
• http//www.cartoonstock.com/newscartoons/directory
  /d/drug_testing.com
  
• http//espn.go.com/gen/news/2004/0120/1714001.html
  
  
• http//dwb.unl.edu/Teacher/NSF/C10/C10Links/www.tc
  ada.state.tx.us.com
  
• http//sportssci.org/encyc/anabster.html
• http//sports.espn.go.com/espn/news/story?id19365
  92.com
  
• http//www.alternet.org/drugreporter/12453.com
• http//www.greatdreams.com/olympdrg.htm
• http//www.project-syndicate.org/print_commentary/
  murrayl/English.com
  
• http//query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res9B0
  1ED7113CF935A25751C1A96559C.com
  
• Mallory, D.C., and Dwight H. Zakus. "Ethics of
  Drug Testing in Sport- An Invasion of Privacy
  Justified?." Sport, Education, and Society
  7(2002) 203-218.