Asexual propagation

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Asexual propagation
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Why use asexual propagation?

• Uniformity
• Propagate non-seed producing plants
• Avoid seedborne diseases
• To create insect or disease resistant plants
• To incorporate environmental tolerances
• To reproduce and retain the genetic traits of a
  hybrid
• Control size and form of a plant
• Can be faster and easier, cheaper

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Disadvantages of asexual propagation

• Uniformity
• Short storage time
• Bulky
• Systemic infections can be spread

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Types of asexual propagation

• Specialized parts
• Cuttings
• Layering
• Grafting
• Tissue culture

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Specialized plant parts

• Offshoots
• Separation
• Division

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Division
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Division - rhizomes
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Division of rhizomes
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Division
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Division
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Division fleshy roots
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Division tuberous roots
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Separation

• Bulbs
• Corms

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Separation bulbs
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Separation bulbs
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Separation - bulbs

• Amaryllis (a tunicate bulb)

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Scooping bulbs
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Separation scaly bulbs
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Separation - corms
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Cuttings

• Herbaceous
• Woody plants
• Softwood
• Semi-hardwood (ripe)
• Hardwood

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Cuttings

• Herbaceous
• Stem
• Stem tip
• Leaf bud
• Leaf

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Leaf cuttings
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Whole leaf cuttings
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Leaf cuttings
Keep moist at all times
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Leaf cuttings
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Cuttings from variegated plants
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Roots tend to develop at nodes
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Cuttings

• Softwood late spring, new growth
• Semi-hardwood (ripe) summer, recent growth
• Hardwood late fall (dormant), 1 yr. growth

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Semi-hardwood (ripe) cuttings
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Semi-ripe Leaf-bud cuttings
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Cutting principles

• Age of material
• Correct seasonal timing
• Sterile rooting medium, sanitation
• High humidity
• No direct sun
• Shoots without flowers or flower buds
• Node near base of cutting
• Rooting hormones
• Basal wounding of woody cuttings
• Remove leaves in contact with rooting medium

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Bottom heat aids in rooting
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Cutting resources

• Fine Gardening Magazine online
• University Ag Extension sites
• NCSU
• Purdue
• Univ. of Missouri

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Campbell University

• Mission statement

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God and plant propagation

• " 'This is what the Sovereign LORD says I myself
  will take a shoot from the very top of a cedar
  and plant it I will break off a tender sprig
  from its topmost shoots and plant it on a high
  and lofty mountain. 23 On the mountain heights of
  Israel I will plant it it will produce branches
  and bear fruit and become a splendid cedar.
  (Ezekiel 17)

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Runners
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Layering
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Types of layering

• Simple layering
• Tip layering
• Compound layering
• Mound layering
• Trench layering
• Air layering

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Tip layering

• Limited to brambles

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Simple layering

• Layer in Spring with 1 yr. old wood rooted by
  fall--remove

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Rooting layers
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Compound (serpentine) layering

• Use with flexible vines

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Mound layering

• Used for rootstock production in nursery trees

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Trench layering
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Air layering

• Developed by Chinese

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Air layering
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Grafting
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Why graft?

• Incorporate disease, insect resistance (link)
• Incorporate temperature tolerance
• Quickly increase of a desirable type
• Change cultivar of fruit in an orchard
• Control form (dwarfing, weeping, tree mums
  roses)
• Repair bark damage

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Grafting principles

• Contact between vascular cambium of scion and
  rootstock

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Grafting principles

• Taxonomic compatibility
• Timing of graft (dormant scion)
• Waterproof graft junction
• Rootstock diameter gt scion diameter

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Whip or Tongue grafting

• Most common grafting method

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Grafting over

• Adding a cultivar to an established fruit tree
• Replace the existing cultivar
• Add a new pollinator
• Try a new cultivar
• Top-working
• Frame-working

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Bark grafting (Rind graft, p. 437)
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Cleft grafting
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Double working (p. 440)

• Using an interstock to graft an incompatible
  scion to a rootstock
• Interstock is compatible with both scion and
  rootstock

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Side grafting
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Approach grafting

• Use when detached scion not possible

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Flat grafting cacti
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Budding

• Scion is a bud
• Used to propagate fruit trees, roses

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T-budding
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Chip budding
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Patch budding
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Bridge grafting to repair damage
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Bridge graft to strengthen a narrow crotch angle
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Inarching to repair damage
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Grafting information online

• UGA Extension Service
• NCSU Home propagation
• Texas A M

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Micropropagation

• Utilizes cell and tissue culture
• Home tissue culture