OVERFISHING

1
JAMAICA REEFS, 1970S
OVERFISHING ? predatory fish ? herbivorous
fish
(algal growth kept in check)
Terence P. Hughes (1994) Catastrophes, Phase
Shifts, and Large-Scale Degradation of a
Caribbean Coral Reef. Science 265 1547-1551.
2
JAMAICA REEFS, 1970S
OVERFISHING ? herbivorous fish ? Diadema
antillarum
(algal growth still kept in check)
http//life.bio.sunysb.edu/ marinebio/coralreef.ht
ml
Terence P. Hughes (1994) Catastrophes, Phase
Shifts, and Large-Scale Degradation of a
Caribbean Coral Reef. Science 265 1547-1551.
3
JAMAICA REEFS, 1983

• PATHOGEN
• ? Diadema antillarum
• ?growth of brown, fleshy algae
• coral larval settlement
• ? coral growth rates

Terence P. Hughes (1994) Catastrophes, Phase
Shifts, and Large-Scale Degradation of a
Caribbean Coral Reef. Science 265 1547-1551.
4
Nystrom, Folke Moberg (2000) Coral reef
resilience and disturbance in a human-dominated
environmentTREE 15 413-417
5
Timothy R. Mcclanahan and Nyawira A. Muthiga
(1998) An ecological shift in a remote coral
atoll of Belize over 25 years. Environment.
Conserv. 25 122130.
an example of a phase shift in coral reefs
6
Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (Acanthaster planci)
Triton Trumpet (Charonia tritonis)
Acropora cf.tenuis
http//www.sbg.ac.at/ipk/avstudio/ pierofun/planci
/planci.htm
http//www.sbg.ac.at/ipk/avstudio/ pierofun/planci
/planci.htm
(...and many other coral)
http//www.coralreefnetwork.com/ marlife/inverts/a
steroid.htm