Authoritative Resources in Food Description

1
Authoritative ResourcesinFood Description

• Anders Møller
• Danish Food Information
• Borgediget 12
• DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
• E-mail am_at_danfood.info

EuroFIR / UNT / LATINFOODS Tucumán, Argentina, 15
20th June, 2009
2
(No Transcript)
3
Food DescriptionAuthoritative Resources

• Food names
• Scientific names
• International Food standards
• National and international regulations

4
Food DescriptionSources of Reference

• Scientific nomenclature defined by
• International organisations International Seed
  Testing Association (ISTA) plantsFood and
  Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
  (FAO)European Commission (EC) animals, plants,
  fishInternational Organization for
  Standardization (ISO) plantsOrganization for
  Economic Co-operation and Development
  (OECD)etc.
• Scientific councils/nomenclature
  committeesInternational Association for Plant
  Taxonomy (IAPT) - International Code of
  Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) Vienna
  CodeInternational Society for Horticultural
  Science (ISHS) - International Code of
  Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants - ISHS Acta
  Horticulturae 647International Commission on
  Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) - International
  Code of Zoological NomenclatureInternational
  Seed Testing Association (ISTA)Association of
  Official Seed Analysts (AOSA)etc.
• National committeese.g. Danish Plant Name
  Committees, Australian Plant Name Index (APNI),
  etc.
• 
  
  
  Primary
  sources/secondary sources/regulatory sources ?

5
Food DescriptionSyntax for scientific names -
Plants

• Basic rule
• ltGenusgt ltspeciesgt ltAuthorgt
• Examples
• Lactuca sativa L.
• lettuce
• Lactuca sativa var. capitata L.
• cabbage lettuce

6
Food DescriptionSyntax for scientific names -
Fishes

• Basic rule
• ltGenusgt ltspeciesgt ltAuthor, yeargt
• Examples
• Gadus morhua Linnaeus, 1758.
• Atlantic cod
• Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792)
• raibow trout

7
Food DescriptionPrimary sources of reference -
All kingdoms

• http//http//www.itis.gov/

8
Food DescriptionPrimary sources of reference -
Plants
Example 1 International Seed Testing
Association (ISTA)

• ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names, 4th edition,
  2001
• prepared by the ISTA Nomenclature Committee,
• 60 pages. ISBN 3-906549-16-X
• A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names,
• 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables.
• International Seed Testing Association, Zürich
  1982
• ISTA website
  http//www.seedtest.org/

9
Food DescriptionPrimary sources of reference -
Plants

• http//www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/queries.
  pl?languageen
• Head of ISTA Nomenclature Committee runs the GRIN
  Taxonomic database

10
Food DescriptionPrimary sources of reference -
Plants

• Mansfeld server http//mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben
  .de/

11
Food DescriptionSecondary sources of reference
- Plants

• Example 1
• International Organization for Standardization
  (ISO)
• ISO 41251991 Dry fruits and dried fruits -
  Definitions and Nomenclature
• ISO 1990/1-1982 Fruits - Nomenclature -
  First list
• ISO 1990/2-1985 Fruits - Nomenclature -
  Second list
• ISO 1991/1-1982 Vegetables - Nomenclature -
  First list
• ISO 1991/2-1985 Vegetables - Nomenclature -
  Second list

12
Food DescriptionSecondary sources of reference
- Plants

• Examples 2
• S. Rehm
• Multilingual Dictionary of Agronomic Plants
• Kluwer Academic Publishers 1994
• ISBN 0-7923-2970-8
• OECD
• International Standardisation of fruit and
  vegetables
• 16 volumes with good colour images
• Apples and pears. Aubergines. Garlic. Onions.
  Peaches. Starwberries. Sweet
• peppers. Table grapes. Tomatoes. Unshelled sweet
  almonds, Unshelled Hazelnuts.
• Kiwifruit. Mangoes. Witloof Chicories. Apricots.
  Avocados. Lettuces, curled-leaved
• endives and broadleaved (batavian) endives.

13
Food DescriptionPrimary sources of reference -
Fishes

• International
• FAO Species Identification Sheets 4 Volumes
• FAO Aquatic Species Fact Sheets (identification
  sheets)
• FAO AFSIS ISSCAAP
• International Standard Statistical Classification
  for Aquatic Animals and Plants (file)
• FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 125 - FAO Species
  Catalogues
• Vol. 1 - Shrimps and prawns of the world.
• Vol. 2 - Scombrids of the world
• Vol. 3 - Cephalopods of the world
• Sharks, Billfishes, Snappers, Clupeoid
  fishes, Fusilier fishes, Emperor fishes, Gadiform
  fishes, Sea turtles, Nemipetrid fishes, Marine
  lobsters, Sillaginid fishes, Snake mackerels
• Vol. 16 - Groupers of the world
• FAO Names En, Fr, Sp
  All
  available on http//www.fao.org/

14
Food DescriptionPrimary sources of reference -
Fishes

• International
• FAO Species Catalogue for Atlantic cod

15
Food DescriptionPrimary sources of reference -
Fishes

• http//www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en

16
Food DescriptionPrimary sources of reference -
Fishes

• http//www.fishbase.org/

17
Food DescriptionRegulatory sources of reference
- Fishes

• US Food and Drug Administration
• Seafood Products Research Center
• Center for Food Safety and Nutrition
• Regulatory Fish Encyclopedia (RFE)86 fish
  species on the American market with good images
  in high resolution (http//www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSa
  fety/Product-SpecificInformation/Seafood/Regulator
  yFishEncyclopediaRFE/default.htm)
• 2008 FDA Seafood Complete ListList of about 1700
  seafoods with common names, preferred common
  names, scientific names, and local names
  (http//www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/SEARCH_SEAF
  OOD/index.cfm?othercomplete)

18
Food DescriptionRegulatory sources of reference
- Fishes

• http//http//www.fishnames.com.au//

19
Food DescriptionRegulatory sources of reference
- EU

• http//eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/oj/200
  0/l_017/l_01720000121en00220052.pdf
• http//eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/oj/200
  2/l_193/l_19320020720en00330059.pdf

20
Food DescriptionRegulatory sources of reference
- Fishes

• http//www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/webpage/namesoff
  ish

21
Food DescriptionRegulatory sources of reference
- Fishes

• http//www.foedevarestyrelsen.dk/Maerkning/Fisk/Fi
  skehandelsnavne/forside.htm

22
Food DescriptionRegulatory sources of reference
- Fishes
http//www.bag.admin.ch/themen/lebensmittel/04861/
04963/index.html?langde
23
Food DescriptionInternational Food Standards

• http//www.codexalimentarius.net/web/standard_list
  .jsp

24
Food DescriptionSources of reference

• Challenges
• A scientific name is not unabiguous in itself.
  Taxonomic nomen-
• clature is reference source (or author)
  dependent
• Example
• Okra, gumbo
• ISTA (1988)
• Hibiscus esculentus L. syn. Abelmoschus
  esculentus (L.) Moench.
• ARS-GRIN
• Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. syn.
  Hibiscus esculentus L.

25
Food DescriptionSources of reference

• But in ISTA Stabilized names (2001)

26
Food DescriptionSources of reference

• Conclusions and recommendations
• For scientific names use primary sources of
  reference as far as possible
• Always use the full syntax (incl. Author/Year)
• State source of reference with scientific
  namese.g. Hibiscus esculentus L. ISTA 1988
• or even better (if possible)state source of
  reference and nomen/code with scientific
  namee.g. Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.
  ARS-GRIN 619 Abelmoschus esculentus (L.)
  Moench. EuroFIR BASIS Gadus morhua
  Linnaeus, 1758 FAO GADI Gadu 2

27
Food DescriptionSources of reference

• For a full list of sources on scientific
• names, see LanguaL's links page on
• Food Classification, Description, Nomenclature
  and Taxonomy
• http//www.langual.org/
• go to Links page

28
Exercise

• Find five online websites giving scientific
  names- two with fish names- two with plant
  names- one with fish, plant and animal names
• Which of the sites are authoritative ?
• Find the scientific name for kale