THE RISE AND FALL OF NAPOLEON

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THE RISE AND FALL OF NAPOLEON
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THE RISE AND FALL OF NAPOLEON
THERMIDORIAN REACTION (1794-1795)

• The end of the Terror
• Robespierre executed so many, lost base of
  support

Robespierre guillotined, June 1794

• Continued counter-revolutionary uprisings

• Continued foreign attacks

• New constitution limited popular participation
  in govt.

• Chose 5-man executive THE DIRECTORY

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THE RISE AND FALL OF NAPOLEON
THE DIRECTORY (1795-1799)

• Victories under young General Napoleon Bonaparte

• Conquered territories become sister republics

• Crises of 1799

• Govt. on brink of bankruptcy

• Losing control of countryside

• Turned to army to restore order

• Napoleon brother Joseph seize power, Nov. 2,
  1799

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THE RISE AND FALL OF NAPOLEON
THE CONSULATE

• Napoleon made First Consul in new 3-man
  Consulate

• Quickly asserted authoritarian rule

• Bypassed legislative functions

• Created diverse administration

• Ended all semblance of free political life

• Imposed highly centralized structure on govt,
  curtailing local authority

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THE RISE AND FALL OF NAPOLEON
NAPOLEONIC REFORM

• Opened govt. offices to anyone of talent,
  regardless of class

• Emphasized education

• Restored relations with Pope Concordat of 1801

• Extended religious toleration

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THE RISE AND FALL OF NAPOLEON
NAPOLEONIC REFORM

• Created new Civil Code (NAPOLEONIC CODE)

• Upheld many of rights granted by Revolution

• But little individual liberty

• Reinforced womens subordination lack of rights

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THE RISE AND FALL OF NAPOLEON
EMPEROR NAPOLEON

• Crowns himself in 1804

• Between 1804 1814, conquers much of Europe

• Overturned much of old order

• Reorganized states, created new systems of
  government

• Spread ideas of the Revolution

• Spread NAPOLEONIC CODE

• Unleashed nationalism

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THE RISE AND FALL OF NAPOLEON
Treaty of Tilsit
JOSEPH BONAPARTE
EXPANDING THE EMPIRE

• Main goal defeat British, but could not

• 1805 Defeated Austrians Russians

• 1806 Defeated Prussians Russians

• Forced Russia into alliance

Battle of Trafalgar

• Imposed Continental System

Battle of Austerlitz

• Tried to subdue Spain

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THE RISE AND FALL OF NAPOLEON
THE INVASION OF RUSSIA

• Collapse of Russian alliance

• Invaded June, 1812 with 595,000 troops

• BATTLE OF BORODINO, Sept. 1812

• French occupied abandoned Moscow
• Tsar refused to surrender

• Forced to withdraw, losing many soldiers on way
  out

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THE RISE AND FALL OF NAPOLEON
MOUNTING PROBLEMS

• Coup attempt in Paris, 1812

• Spanish resistance growing, Joseph expelled

• British Spanish now planning to invade France

• Great Powers aligned against him

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THE RISE AND FALL OF NAPOLEON
NAPOLEONS END

• Defeated at Leipzig, Oct. 1813

• Allies invade France, force Napoleon to abdicate

• Restored Bourbon monarchy, Louis XVIII, 1814

• Exiled Napoleon to Elba

• Escaped Feb. 1815, took back throne (100 DAYS)

• Defeated at BATTLE OF WATERLOO, June 18

• Exiled to St. Helena, died there in 1821