???: The Great French Revolution and Rise and Fall of Napoleon

1
??? The Great French Revolution and Rise
and Fall of Napoleons Empire
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2
Louis XIV, the Great (1638-1715) (6-1-2)
? ? ? ?

• Louis XIV, the Great(1638-1715), King of France
  (1643-1715). After 1661, he established personal
  rule. He said I am the State. In a series of
  wars France increase her territory, but was left
  financially exhausted. His court was the most
  magnificent in Europe.

3
The palace of Versailles ????(6-1-3)

• Versailles, 19 km. southwest of Paris.The
  palace of Versailles, long the model of royal and
  princely magnificence throughout Europe , was
  built (1661-86) for Louis XIV, as residence,
  court, and seat of government in French classical
  style.

4
Louis XV(1710-74) ????(6-1-4)

• king of France(1715-74). The financial strain of
  wars and the excesses of court alienated growing
  numbers of intellectuals.His best-known remark
  was After me, the Deluge.

5
Louis XVI(1754-93)????(6-1-5)

• He was a shy, well-meaning man, who liked to
  hunt better than to occupy himself with affaires
  of State. French intervention in the American
  War caused virtual bankruptcy and led to the
  summoning of the Estates General (1789) for the
  first time since 1614. He was deposed (1792),
  found guilty of treason, and guillotined .

6
The Enlightenment ????(6-2-1)

• An intellectual movement of 18th c. Europe
  which questioned traditional beliefs and
  prejudices, esp. in religion, and emphasized the
  primacy of reason and strict scientific method.

• It was represented in Germany esp. by Lessing, in
  England by Locke, Hume and Newton, In France by
  Voltaire, Diderot, dAlbert and the
  Encyclopedists.

7
Montesquieu (1689-1755) ????
(6-2-1 )

• French writer. His Persian Letters(1721)
  satirized contemporary social and political
  institutions in France and brought him immediate
  fame. His greatest work The Spirit of the Law
  (1748), dealing with the nature of the state and
  science of law, had much influence on later
  political thinking.

8
Voltaire(1694-1778) ???(6-2-2)

• French man of letters, historian and philosopher.
  His prose tales were vehicles for social and
  political satire. His philosophical work
  influenced European thought for generations. He
  was the foremost propagandist for the leading
  ideas of the 18th c. It has been said that he
  fostered not a revolutionary proletariat but an
  ungovernable middle class. He has been accepted
  as one of the worlds great men partly because of
  force of his personality.

9
Diderot (1713-84) ??? (6-2-3)

• French writer. His direction of the
  Encyclopedia was among his greatest
  achievements. With his powerful intelligence
  ,wide interests and verve, he incarnated (??)the
  spirit of the 18th c. with his lively
  imagination and keen sensibility he was a
  precursor(??) of Romanticism.

10
Rousseau(1712-78)??(6-2-4)

• A man of volatile (???)emotions but keen mind, he
  rebelled many dominant values of his time and
  quarrelled with with a striking number of
  contemporaries, e.g. Voltaire, Diderot and Hume.
  In the Social Contract he developed a theory
  of the state based on a contract by which free
  individuals freely entrust a part of their
  freedom to the body politic. His political ideas
  played an important part in the development of
  modern democracy.

11
The Tennis Court Oath(20 June 1789)?????(6-2-5)

• The oath taken by the third estate that they
  would not separate until they had given France a
  constitution.

12
Storming of Bastille ??????????(1789.7.14)
(6-3-1)

• Bastille a former state prison in Paris, built
  1369-83 and now completely demolished. The (14
  July 1789) by the citizens of Paris was a symbol
  the destruction of absolute royal power and it is
  still celebrated as a national holiday.

13
The Constitutional Monarchist Marquis de
Lafayette (1575-1834) ????(6-4-1)

• French general and statesman. He helped the
  revolutionists in America (1777-82) and commanded
  the National Guard in two French
  Revolutions(1789-92.1830)as a liberal monarchist.
  

14
The Constitutional MonarchistEmmanuel Joseph
Sieyes (1748-1836)???(6-4-2)

• French statesman, he emerged as a leader of the
  third estate with his pamphlet What is the Third
  Estate? . (1789) He was a member of the
  Directory and of the Consulate.

15
The Constitutional MonarchistMirabeau
???(1749-91) (6-4-3)

• French revolutionist and statesman. He was
  elected to the State General as a deputy for the
  third estate. His oratory quickly made him a
  leader of the French Revolution, but he tried
  constantly to create a constitutional monarchy,
  and from May 1790 was in the pay of the court.

16
Declaration of the Rights of Man - 1789 (1)
Approved by the National Assembly of France,
August 26, 1789 ????(6-4-4)

• 6. Law is the expression of the general will.
  All citizens, being equal in the eyes of
  the law, are equally eligible to all dignities
  and to all public positions and occupations,
  according to their abilities, and without
  distinction except that of their virtues and
  talents.

• 1. Men are born and remain free and equal in
  rights.
• 2. These rights are liberty, property, security,
  and resistance to oppression.
• 4. Liberty consists in the freedom to do
  everything which injures no one else.

17
Declaration of the Rights of Man - 1789 (2)
(6-4-5)

• 7. No person shall be accused, arrested, or
  imprisoned except in the cases and according to
  the forms prescribed by law.

• 11. The free communication of ideas and opinions
  is one of the most precious of the rights of man.
  Every citizen may, accordingly, speak, write, and
  print with freedom, but shall be responsible for
  such abuses of this freedom as shall be defined
  by law.

18
Girondists  ????(6-5-1)

• A political group of moderate republicans in the
  French Revolution , so called because the central
  members were deputies of the Gironde dept.

19
Girondists ???? ???(6-5-2)

• Girondist leaders advocated continental war.
  Led at first by Jacques Brissot de Warville
  (1754-93). Representative of the educated,
  provincial middle class of the provinces, they
  were lawyers, journalists, and merchants who
  desired a constitutional government.

20
??16??????(6-5-3)

• Louis XI was Guillotined in Jan.21.1793, so was
  his wife later.

21
Guillotine???(6-5-4)

• Miniature Guillotine
• This miniature guillotine reproduces the
  life-size French invention of the eighteenth
  c.used during the French Revolution.

22
Jacobine ????(6-6-1)

• A member of a political club of the French
  Revolution, founded (May 1789) among the deputies
  at Versailles, and taking its name from the
  former monastery()in Paris where it met from
  Oct.1789. Led by Robespierre, the club became
  increasingly radical, overthrew the Girondists
  (1793) and instituted the Terror.

23
Marat (1743-93), ??????(6-6-2)

• French revolutionist.He founded an extreme
  radical newspaper and was elected (1792) to the
  Convention where he helped to overthrow the
  Girondists. His inflammatory(????) articles
  helped to incite the September massacre. He was
  stabbed to death by Charlotte Corday.

24
Danton(1759-94),??????(6-6-3)

• French revolutionist. A founder of Cordelires
  Club(1790) and of the Committee of Public
  Safety(1793), he organized the defence of France
  against Prussians. As minister of Justice
  (1792-94) by his eloquence and political skill
  he became a rival to Robespierre, who overthrow
  him. He was guillotined.

25
Robespierre (1758-94) ????
?????(6-6-4)

• A provincial lawyer. As a member of the Committee
  of Public Safety(July 1793-July 1794) he was
  virtual dictator of France, establishing the
  Terror, and eliminating his rivals Hebert and
  Danton.His measures, based on the doctrines
  Rousseau became increasingly extremist. He was
  overthrown and executed in the coup detat of
  Thermidor(1794,????)
• .

26
The Rise and Fall of Napoleons Empire
27
The Directory ??????(1795-1799) (6-7-1)

• the body of five which held executive power
  1795-99 during the French Revolution.

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The Consulate ??????(1799-1804) (6-7-2)

• Consulate
• The French government 10 Nov.1799-18 May 1804.

• Originally a three-man government, it was rapidly
  dominated by Napoleon, who became first consul
  for life (1802) and emperor (1804)?

29
Napoleon Bonaparte(1769-1821)
??? (6-8-1)

• A Corsican, he was educated at military schools
  in France, and entered the French army(1785). He
  welcomed the French Revolution. In 1799 he
  overthrew the Directory in the coup detat of
  Brumaire and rapidly established a dictatorship
  with himself as first consul(1799-1804). In 1804
  he was proclaimed emperor of France, and in 1814
  abdicated and was exiled to Elba, but returned
  during the Hundred Days.After his final defeat at
  Waterloo (1815) he was sent to St.Helena, where
  he was kept prisoner until his death.

30
the Napoleonic wars (1803-1815) (6-8-2)

• As a military genius Napoleon first
  distinguished himself at the siege of
  Toulon(1793) and was displayed in his command
  (1796-97) of Italian campaign. During the
  Napoleonic wars (1803-1815) Napoleon gained a
  series of brilliant victories.The weakness of
  Napoleons Empire was first shown in the
  Peninsular War (1808-14), and in his disastrous
  invasion of of Russia(1812).

31
Napoleons coronation (1804)
????? (6-8-3)

• Napoleons coronation takes place in the
  Cathedral of Notre Dame (?????)in 1804. Napoleon,
  standing before the Pope, took the crown,
  crowned himself, and then crowned Josephine, who
  is kneeling before him.

32
Napoleon married Marrie- Louise ??????(6-8-4)

• In 1796 Napoleon married Josephine. His first
  marriage was annulled, and in 1810 Napoleon
  married Marrie- Louise.

33
Napoleonic Code

• The Civil Code ,enacted in 1804, was the most
  important of the codes Napoleon enacted. It has
  been well described as the summary and the
  correction of the French Revolution. Later at
  St.Helena, Napoleon himself said, My glory
  chiefly consists, not in having won forty
  battles, but in having established the Civil
  Code.

34
Napoleons Empire????? (6-8-5)

• By 1808 Napoleon controlled nearly all the
  continental Europe.

35
The Battle of Waterloo?????(6-8-6)

• The final action (18 June 1815) of the
  Napoleonic wars, fought near the Belgian village
  of Waterloo. Napoleon was defeated by the
  British and Prussia armies under Wellington and
  Brucher .