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Alternative sources of energy (solar energy,nuclear energy and biogas)

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Title: Alternative sources of energy (solar energy,nuclear energy and biogas)


1
Alternative sources of energy(solar
energy,nuclear energy and biogas)
2
CONTENTS
  • Introduction of alternative sources of energy
  • What is alternative sources of energy
  • ???????
  • Why do we use alternative sources of energy
  • ????????????
  • Types of alternative sources of energy
  • Solar energy
  • ???
  • Nuclear energy
  • ??
  • Biogas
  • ???

3
What is alternative sources of energy???????
  • Alternative energy sources(????) are defined as
    any energy source and certain non-energy
    applications that can replace or reduce(?????)
    the use of conventional(???) crude oil, natural
    gas, and coal(??,?????).  This is a broad
    definition but it is helpful in avoiding
    concentrating on only pristine alternative energy
    sources, e.g., solar energy, wind energy, tidal
    energy, biomass, etc.

4
Why do we use alternative sources of
energy??????????????
  • Alternative sources of energy are much cleaner
    than fossil fuels
  • They are permanent supply
  • They produce much less pollution than fossil
    fuels
  • ????????????
  • ?????????
  • ??????????????

5
Solar energy???
  • Solar energy is an energy from sun which is
    renewable and very clean. It will not produce any
    pollution and consume natural resources or cause
    global warming. Solar energy can be converted
    directly or indirectly into other forms of
    energy, such as heat and electricity. Nowadays,
    solar energy is used widely in our life. In
    general, there are two main method to take
    advantage of solar energy including
    photoelectric transformation and opto-thermal
    transformation.
  • ??????????????,??????,????????????????????????????
    ???????????????????,???????????,??????????????????
    ??,????????????,????????????

6
Photoelectric transformation????
  • Photoelectric transformation is the conversion of
    sunlight into electricity through a photovoltaic
    (PVs) cell (solar cell) using the principle of
    photoelectric effect. A photovoltaic cell is a
    non-mechanical device usually made from
    semiconductor (silicon).
  • ???????????????,????????????????????????? ???????

7
Opto-thermal transformation????
  • Opto-thermal transformation is the conversion of
    sunlight to thermal energy using solar collector.
    The energy produced are used in heating water,
    heating swimming pool, etc.
  • ?????????????????????????????????,???????

8
Advantages of using solar energy????????
  • Renewable energy
  • Solar energy come from the sun, permanent supply
  • The process of production do not cause
    environmental pollution
  • The process of production do not consume natural
    resources or cause global warming
  • ?????
  • ???????,????????
  • ????????????
  • ???????????????????

9
Disadvantages of using solar energy????????
  • Solar panels are expensive to build
  • Solar energy is intermittent
  • Large area required to collect it at a useful
    rate
  • ????????????
  • ????????
  • ?????????????????????

10
Application of solar energy??????
  1. Solar Energy Generating Systems???????

11
Application of solar energy??????
  1. Solar power tower

12
Application of solar energy??????
  1. Solar panel in the space?????????

13
Application of solar energy??????
  1. Solar mosquito killer??????

14
Application of solar energy??????
  1. Solar panel at bus stop????????

15
Biogas???
  • Biogas can provide a clean, easily controlled
    source of renewable energy from organic waste
    materials for a small labour input, replacing
    firewoood or fossil fuels (which are becoming
    more expensive as supply falls behind demand).
  • Biogas include marsh gas?landfill gas?digester
    gas.They distinguish by the producing location.
  • ????????????,?????????????????????,????(??????????
    ?)?
  • ????????????????,????????????

16
How to form biogas?????????
  • Biogas produce by the anaerobic digestion or
    fermentation of organic matter including manure,
    sewage sludge, municipal solid waste,
    biodegradable waste or any other biodegradable
    feedstock, under anaerobic conditions. biogas
    form naturally ,for example marsh gas.
  •  
  • ??????,?????????????????????????????????????,?????
    ???????????,?????

17
Types of biogas??????
  • Landfill gas????
  • Landfill gas is produced from organic waste
    disposed of in landfill. The waste is covered and
    compressed mechanically and by the pressure of
    higher levels. As conditions become anaerobic the
    organic waste is broken down and landfill gas is
    produced. This gas builds up and is slowly
    released into the atmosphere
  • ???????????????????????????????,??????????,??????,
    ???????

18
Types of biogas??????
  • Digester gas???
  • Digester gas always come form critter.
  • ???????????????

19
Compostion of biogas??????
Matter Matter
Methane, CH4 ?? 50-75 Hydrogen, H2 ? 0-1
Carbon dioxide, CO2 ???? 25-50 Hydrogen sulphide, H2S 0-3
Nitrogen, N2 ? 0-10 Oxygen, O2 ? 0-2
Compare with natural gas,biogas contain more
impurity ??????,???????? ? The primary
component of natural gas is methane ???????????
20
Advantages of using biogas????????
  • Reuse the organic wastes
  • A renewable energy
  • The price is cheaper than other energy, for
    example fossil fuel
  • Easy to control and collect
  • ?????????
  • ???????
  • ?????,??????
  • ???????

21
Disadvantages of using biogas ????????
  • A greenhouse gas with a greater global warming
    potential than carbon dioxide
  • Risk of explosive
  • Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as precursor to
    photochemical smog
  • Toxic
  • ??????,????????????????
  • ?????
  • ????????????????
  • ??

22
Production of Biogas by artificial
method??????????
  1. ??????????

23
Production of Biogas by artificial
method??????????
  1. ????????????

24
Applications of biogas??????
  • If biogas is cleaned up sufficiently, biogas has
    the same characteristics as natural gas.
  • Water (H2O), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and
    particulates are removed if present at high
    levels or if the gas is to be completely cleaned.
    Carbon dioxide is less frequently removed, but it
    must also be separated to achieve pipeline
    quality gas.
  • ??????????,???????????,??????????????????????????,
    ???????????,?????????????????
  • ?????????????????????????

25
Applications of biogas??????
  • In this form the gas can be now used in any
    application that natural gas is used for. Such
    applications include distribution via the natural
    gas grid, electricity production, space heating,
    water heating and process heating. If compressed,
    it can replace compressed natural gas for use in
    vehicles, where it can fuel an internal
    combustion engine or fuel cells.
  • ???????????????????,????????,????????????????????,
    ????????????????
  • Transport the excretion to a container, after
    fermentation, biogas , which can be use, is
    released, for example, cooking
  • ?????????????,??????????????,????

26
Nuclear energy??
  • Nuclear energy is produced by a controlled
    nuclear chain reaction, which will form heat, and
    the generation of electricity.
  • ????????????,??????,??????

27
Advantages of using nuclear energy???????
  • Reduce the dependence fossil fuel
  • Produce huge energy
  • Need small quantity raw material only
  • lt uses over a long period of time enough
  • Operate cost lower
  • Will not cause air pollution as it is
    carbon-free- electric
  • ????????
  • ??????
  • ??????
  • ???????????
  • ??????(??????????)
  • ?????????????(????)

28
Disadvantages of using nuclear energy???????
  • more thermal pollutes
  • need high cost
  • Check waste to still have radiation, need to
    cover up to put a hundred years above
  • If any accident happening, the radioactivity
    matter will be released into outside environment
    meeting, this meeting dichotomy state and people
    to cause injury??????
  • ???????????
  • ????????,???????
  • ?????????,??????????????????????

29
Application of nuclear energy?????
  • ????????????????
  • ??????? (PWR,Pressurized Water Reactor )
  • ?????? (Boiling Water Reactor )
  • ???????? (Heavy-Water Reactor )
  • ????????? (Light-Wter Reactor )
  • ?????? (Gas-Cooled Reactor)
  • ???????? (Fast Breeder Reactor )

30
Application of nuclear energy?????
  • Example???????

31
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32
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  • ???(25)
  • ???(31)
  • From S.5C
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