Title: Alternative sources of energy (solar energy,nuclear energy and biogas)
1Alternative sources of energy(solar
energy,nuclear energy and biogas)
2CONTENTS
- Introduction of alternative sources of energy
- What is alternative sources of energy
- ???????
- Why do we use alternative sources of energy
- ????????????
- Types of alternative sources of energy
- Solar energy
- ???
- Nuclear energy
- ??
- Biogas
- ???
-
3What is alternative sources of energy???????
- Alternative energy sources(????) are defined as
any energy source and certain non-energy
applications that can replace or reduce(?????)
the use of conventional(???) crude oil, natural
gas, and coal(??,?????). This is a broad
definition but it is helpful in avoiding
concentrating on only pristine alternative energy
sources, e.g., solar energy, wind energy, tidal
energy, biomass, etc.
4Why do we use alternative sources of
energy??????????????
- Alternative sources of energy are much cleaner
than fossil fuels - They are permanent supply
- They produce much less pollution than fossil
fuels - ????????????
- ?????????
- ??????????????
5Solar energy???
- Solar energy is an energy from sun which is
renewable and very clean. It will not produce any
pollution and consume natural resources or cause
global warming. Solar energy can be converted
directly or indirectly into other forms of
energy, such as heat and electricity. Nowadays,
solar energy is used widely in our life. In
general, there are two main method to take
advantage of solar energy including
photoelectric transformation and opto-thermal
transformation. - ??????????????,??????,????????????????????????????
???????????????????,???????????,??????????????????
??,????????????,????????????
6Photoelectric transformation????
- Photoelectric transformation is the conversion of
sunlight into electricity through a photovoltaic
(PVs) cell (solar cell) using the principle of
photoelectric effect. A photovoltaic cell is a
non-mechanical device usually made from
semiconductor (silicon). - ???????????????,????????????????????????? ???????
7Opto-thermal transformation????
- Opto-thermal transformation is the conversion of
sunlight to thermal energy using solar collector.
The energy produced are used in heating water,
heating swimming pool, etc. - ?????????????????????????????????,???????
8Advantages of using solar energy????????
- Renewable energy
- Solar energy come from the sun, permanent supply
- The process of production do not cause
environmental pollution - The process of production do not consume natural
resources or cause global warming - ?????
- ???????,????????
- ????????????
- ???????????????????
9Disadvantages of using solar energy????????
- Solar panels are expensive to build
- Solar energy is intermittent
- Large area required to collect it at a useful
rate - ????????????
- ????????
- ?????????????????????
10Application of solar energy??????
- Solar Energy Generating Systems???????
11Application of solar energy??????
- Solar power tower
12Application of solar energy??????
- Solar panel in the space?????????
13Application of solar energy??????
- Solar mosquito killer??????
14Application of solar energy??????
- Solar panel at bus stop????????
15Biogas???
- Biogas can provide a clean, easily controlled
source of renewable energy from organic waste
materials for a small labour input, replacing
firewoood or fossil fuels (which are becoming
more expensive as supply falls behind demand). - Biogas include marsh gas?landfill gas?digester
gas.They distinguish by the producing location. - ????????????,?????????????????????,????(??????????
?)? - ????????????????,????????????
16How to form biogas?????????
- Biogas produce by the anaerobic digestion or
fermentation of organic matter including manure,
sewage sludge, municipal solid waste,
biodegradable waste or any other biodegradable
feedstock, under anaerobic conditions. biogas
form naturally ,for example marsh gas. -
- ??????,?????????????????????????????????????,?????
???????????,?????
17Types of biogas??????
- Landfill gas????
- Landfill gas is produced from organic waste
disposed of in landfill. The waste is covered and
compressed mechanically and by the pressure of
higher levels. As conditions become anaerobic the
organic waste is broken down and landfill gas is
produced. This gas builds up and is slowly
released into the atmosphere - ???????????????????????????????,??????????,??????,
???????
18Types of biogas??????
- Digester gas???
- Digester gas always come form critter.
- ???????????????
19Compostion of biogas??????
Matter Matter
Methane, CH4 ?? 50-75 Hydrogen, H2 ? 0-1
Carbon dioxide, CO2 ???? 25-50 Hydrogen sulphide, H2S 0-3
Nitrogen, N2 ? 0-10 Oxygen, O2 ? 0-2
Compare with natural gas,biogas contain more
impurity ??????,???????? ? The primary
component of natural gas is methane ???????????
20Advantages of using biogas????????
- Reuse the organic wastes
- A renewable energy
- The price is cheaper than other energy, for
example fossil fuel - Easy to control and collect
- ?????????
- ???????
- ?????,??????
- ???????
21Disadvantages of using biogas ????????
- A greenhouse gas with a greater global warming
potential than carbon dioxide - Risk of explosive
- Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as precursor to
photochemical smog - Toxic
- ??????,????????????????
- ?????
- ????????????????
- ??
22Production of Biogas by artificial
method??????????
- ??????????
23Production of Biogas by artificial
method??????????
- ????????????
24Applications of biogas??????
- If biogas is cleaned up sufficiently, biogas has
the same characteristics as natural gas. - Water (H2O), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and
particulates are removed if present at high
levels or if the gas is to be completely cleaned.
Carbon dioxide is less frequently removed, but it
must also be separated to achieve pipeline
quality gas. - ??????????,???????????,??????????????????????????,
???????????,????????????????? - ?????????????????????????
25Applications of biogas??????
- In this form the gas can be now used in any
application that natural gas is used for. Such
applications include distribution via the natural
gas grid, electricity production, space heating,
water heating and process heating. If compressed,
it can replace compressed natural gas for use in
vehicles, where it can fuel an internal
combustion engine or fuel cells. - ???????????????????,????????,????????????????????,
???????????????? - Transport the excretion to a container, after
fermentation, biogas , which can be use, is
released, for example, cooking - ?????????????,??????????????,????
26Nuclear energy??
- Nuclear energy is produced by a controlled
nuclear chain reaction, which will form heat, and
the generation of electricity. - ????????????,??????,??????
27Advantages of using nuclear energy???????
- Reduce the dependence fossil fuel
- Produce huge energy
- Need small quantity raw material only
- lt uses over a long period of time enough
- Operate cost lower
- Will not cause air pollution as it is
carbon-free- electric - ????????
- ??????
- ??????
- ???????????
- ??????(??????????)
- ?????????????(????)
28Disadvantages of using nuclear energy???????
- more thermal pollutes
- need high cost
- Check waste to still have radiation, need to
cover up to put a hundred years above - If any accident happening, the radioactivity
matter will be released into outside environment
meeting, this meeting dichotomy state and people
to cause injury?????? - ???????????
- ????????,???????
- ?????????,??????????????????????
29Application of nuclear energy?????
- ????????????????
- ??????? (PWR,Pressurized Water Reactor )
- ?????? (Boiling Water Reactor )
- ???????? (Heavy-Water Reactor )
- ????????? (Light-Wter Reactor )
- ?????? (Gas-Cooled Reactor)
- ???????? (Fast Breeder Reactor )
30Application of nuclear energy?????
31This is a blank page
32????
- ???(19)
- ???(22)
- ???(25)
- ???(31)
- From S.5C