Introduction to Fluid Mechanics

1
Introduction to Fluid Mechanics

• Chapter 10
• Fluid Machinery

2
Main Topics

• Introduction and Classification of Fluid Machines
• Turbomachinery Analysis
• Performance Characteristics
• Applications to Fuid Systems

3
Introduction and Classification of Fluid Machines

• Positive Displacement
• Turbomachines
• Radial-Flow (Centrifugal)
• Axial-Flow
• Mixed-Flow

4
Introduction and Classification of Fluid Machines

• Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
• Pumps
• Fans
• Blowers
• Compressors

5
Introduction and Classification of Fluid Machines

• Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid

6
Introduction and Classification of Fluid Machines

• Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid

7
Introduction and Classification of Fluid Machines

• Machines for Extracting Work (Power) from a Fluid
• Hydraulic Turbines (Impulse and Reaction)
• Gas Turbines (Impulse and Reaction)

8
Introduction and Classification of Fluid Machines

• Machines for Extracting Work (Power) from a Fluid

9
Turbomachinery Analysis

• The Angular Momentum Principle

Apply to Control Volume
10
Turbomachinery Analysis

• Euler Turbomachine Equation

Mechanical Power
Theoretical Head
11
Turbomachinery Analysis

• Velocity Diagrams

12
Turbomachinery Analysis

• Example Idealized Centrifugal Pump
• Negligible torque due to surface forces (viscous
  and pressure).
• Inlet and exit flow tangent to blades.
• Uniform flow at inlet and exit.
• Zero inlet tangential velocity

13
Turbomachinery Analysis

• Example Idealized Centrifugal Pump(Continued)

Head Equation
Shutoff Head
14
Turbomachinery Analysis

• Example Idealized Centrifugal Pump(Continued)

15
Turbomachinery Analysis

• Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid

Hydraulic Power
Pump Efficiency
16
Turbomachinery Analysis

• Machines for Extracting Work (Power) from a Fluid

Hydraulic Power
Turbine Efficiency
17
Performance Characteristics

• Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid

18
Performance Characteristics

• Machines for Extracting Work (Power) from a Fluid

19
Performance Characteristics

• Dimensional Analysis and Specific Speed

Flow Coefficient
Head Coefficient
Power Coefficient
20
Performance Characteristics

• Dimensional Analysis and Specific Speed

Torque Coefficient
21
Performance Characteristics

• Dimensional Analysis and Specific Speed

Specific Speed
Specific Speed(Customary Units)
Specific Speed(Customary Units)
22
Performance Characteristics

• Dimensional Analysis and Specific Speed

23
Performance Characteristics

• Similarity Rules

For Dynamic Similarity
and
so
24
Applications to Fluid Systems

• Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid

25
Applications to Fluid Systems

• Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
• Pump Wear

26
Applications to Fluid Systems

• Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
• Pumps in Series

27
Applications to Fluid Systems

• Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
• Pumps in Parallel

28
Applications to Fluid Systems

• Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
• Fans, Blowers, and Compressors

29
Applications to Fluid Systems

• Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
• Fans, Blowers, and Compressors

30
Applications to Fluid Systems

• Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
• Fans, Blowers, and Compressors

31
Applications to Fluid Systems

• Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
• Positive-Displacement Pumps

32
Applications to Fluid Systems

• Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
• Propellers

Speed of Advance Coefficient
Thrust, Torque, Power Coefficients, and Propeller
Efficiency
33
Applications to Fluid Systems

• Machines for Extracting Work (Power) from a Fluid
• Hydraulic Turbines
• Wind-Power Machines