The Age of Andrew Jackson Nationalism to Sectionalism

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The Age of Andrew Jackson Nationalism to
Sectionalism

• 1823 - 1860

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Nationalism v. Sectionalism

• NATIONALISM
• Devotion to ones country
• People are willing to put interests of the nation
  before their own
• vs.
• SECTIONALISM
• Loyalty to a region or area
• Primary concern is for what helps me the most

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Jacksonian Democracy1820s Expansion of Democracy

• States dropped property qualifications to vote ?
  Universal adult white male suffrage
• Rotation in office gave more people the
  opportunity to serve in government
• Spoils system
• To the victor belongs the spoils
• Appointments were made on basis of political
  loyalties (not always on merit or ability)
• National Nominating Convention replaced caucus as
  method to choose political party candidates
• Return of the 2-party system

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Increased A White Mans Democracy

• Slavery existed
• Women had no political or legal rights
• Native Americans lost rights and land

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Election of 1824

• All candidates were Republicans
• Only real issue in the campaign was the character
  of the candidates

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The Results no majority in Electoral College!
Andrew Jackson Tennessee 99 electoral votes (43 of popular vote)
John Quincy Adams Massachusetts 84 electoral votes (31 of popular vote)
William Crawford Georgia 41 electoral votes (13 of popular vote)
Henry Clay Kentucky 37 electoral votes (13 of popular vote)
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Election to be decided by House of Representatives
Andrew Jackson Tennessee 99 electoral votes
John Quincy Adams Massachusetts 84 electoral votes
William Crawford Georgia 41 electoral votes
Henry Clay - eliminated Kentucky 37 electoral votes
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The Corrupt Bargain

• Deal between JQ Adams and Clay
• Clay would encourage his states to vote for
  Adams when the House of Representatives voted,
  if Adams would appoint Clay to be Secretary of
  State

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Jackson supporters were outraged

• Jackson had received the greatest number of
  popular votes and the greatest number of
  electoral votes, but Adams was chosen to be
  President
• Jackson supporters felt they had been robbed
  vowed to get Jackson elected the next time

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Election of 1828

• Andrew Jackson v. John Quincy Adams
• Only issue personalities
• Jackson won after a campaign filled with
  mud-slinging and name calling
• Revolution of 1828
• 3 times the number of voters than in previous
  election

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All Creation Going to the White House
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Why was Andrew Jackson so popular?... The
Peoples President

• Frontiersman not from Virginia or Massachusetts
• Common man could identify with him believed
  they had elected one of their own lacked a
  formal education
• War hero Battle of New Orleans
• Indian fighter fought the Creek in Tennessee
  and the Seminoles in Florida

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Jacksons Cabinet

• Official Cabinet
• Political new-comers not much help to Jackson
• Kitchen Cabinet
• Jacksons friends who met with him in the Kitchen
  of the White House gave him honest,
  straight-forward advice

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Issues in the Jackson Administration

• Nullification and the Tariff
• The Bank of the United States
• Removal of the Indians

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The Tariff and Nullification
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• Opinions
• North supported to protect developing
  industries and jobs
• South opposed because it raised prices and few
  industries were located in the South
• West sided with North success tied to success
  of the North

• Tariff of Abominations
• 1828 High protective tariff lowered in 1832 but
  not enough to please some (South).

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Nullification

• Define the act of canceling a law (usually a
  state canceling a national law)
• South Carolina Exposition and Protest written
  by J.C. Calhoun
• Expressed the states rights philosophy that if
  the states created the union the states had the
  right to decide whether or not to accept laws
  passed by the national government

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• South Carolina declared the tariff null void
  in the state and warned they would secede from
  the Union if the national govt attempted to
  collect the tariff.

• FORCE BILL
• Congress authorized President Jackson to collect
  the tariff by using military force

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Compromise Tariff of 1833

• Arranged by Henry Clay (The Great Compromiser)
• Gradually lowered the tariff over 10 year period
• Accepted by all sides
• (But just to prove the point, South Carolina
  nullified the Force Bill)
• Andrew Jackson ignored SC action

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The Bank of the United States
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• Opinions
• North generally supported the BUS provided
  money for industrialization
• South generally opposed the BUS symbol of the
  wealthy powerful central government preferred
  local, state banks
• West generally opposed the BUS didnt favor
  farmers

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The Bank of the United States

• Why was it the Monster?
• Powerful institution used by the wealthy and the
  industries to make a profit
• Jackson hated the BUS and vowed to veto the
  re-charter when it came up in 1836

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• Why was the Bank charter rescheduled for 1832
  (when it was originally scheduled for 1836)?
• To make it an election year issue for Andrew
  Jackson and force Jackson to take a stand that
  was the only hope Clay had to defeat Jackson
• Veto lose support of North
• Not Veto lose support of South West

What action concerning the Bank did President
Jackson take? He vetoed the re-charter
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• What was the result of the Election of 1832?
• Jackson won by a wide margin
• Saw that as a sign from the people that they
  approved of his veto and he took steps to kill
  the Bank
• Jackson ordered the Secretary of the Treasury to
  remove govt deposits from the BUS

• Pet Banks
• Were specially selected state banks that would
  hold the govt money
• More sympathetic to farmers

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Indian Removal
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Indian Removal Policy

• 1830 Congress passed the Indian Removal Act
  forced resettlement to the west of the
  Mississippi River
• Cherokee Nation v. Georgia 1831
• Supreme Court ruled that the Cherokee were not a
  foreign nation and had no right to sue in federal
  court

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Worcester v. Georgia 1832

• Supreme Court ruled that Georgia law had no
  authority on Cherokee land
• Native Americans were not a state matter

• Jackson refused to enforce the Courts order
• John Marshall made his decision, now let him
  enforce it
• Cherokee won the case but ended up losing the
  land and were force westward along what is known
  as the Trail of Tears

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The Trail of Tears
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The Trail of TearsBy Robert Lindneux,1942
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King Andrew the First