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Title: CHAPTER 12: THE AGE OF JACKSON Section 2: Jackson s Policy Toward Native Americans Author: Barry Thomas Last modified by: Richy Rich Created Date – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Copy the following on Portfolio p81 12.2 Graphic A


1
Copy the following on Portfolio p8112.2 Graphic A
Discovery of gold in Georgia
Jacksons attitude toward Indians
The cotton boom
Causes of Indian Removal Act
Causes of Indian Removal Act
The Indian Removal Act
The Supreme Court
Native American resistance
Results of Indian Removal Act
Results of Indian Removal Act
Trail of Tears
2
Lesson 12.2 Jacksons Policy Toward Native
Americans
  • Today we will evaluate Jacksons policy toward
    Native Americans.

3
Vocabulary
  • evaluate determine the worth or quality of
    something
  • policy basic principle which a person or an
    organization follows

4
Check for Understanding
  • What are we going to do today?
  • How do your teachers evaluate how much youve
    learned?
  • How is a policy different from a rule?

5
What We Already Know
  • In 1828, a new wave of voters emerged from the
    class of common people and elected Andrew Jackson
    president.

6
What We Already Know
  • One way that the cotton gin changed the South was
    that native Americans were forced from their land
    to make room for more cotton plantations.

7
What We Already Know
  • The Supreme Court ruling in Marbury v. Madison
    gave the courts the power of judicial review,
    meaning that courts can declare a law or
    executive action unconstitutional.

8
In the 1820s, most whites had strong feelings
about the Native Americans still living east of
the Mississippi River.
  • Some whites hoped that the Native Americans could
    adapt to the white peoples way of life.
  • Others did not want to live near the
    uncivilized Native Americans and felt Indians
    should move in order to avoid conflict over land.

9
Check for Understanding
  • A ask B What were the two attitudes most white
    Americans held toward Native Americans?
  • They either wanted them to learn to live like
    whites or they wanted them to be removed from
    contact with whites.

Be sure to re-state the question in your response!
10
In the 1820s, large areas of land in Georgia, the
Carolinas, Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee
were owned by Indians.
  • The major tribes included the Cherokee,
    Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole, who were
    often called the Five Civilized Tribes.

11
The Cherokee Nation had adopted many aspects of
white culture.
  • Dressed like whites
  • Owned prosperous farms and cattle ranches
  • Some were slave-owners.
  • Written language, published their own newspaper
  • Some children attended missionary schools.
  • Cherokee constitution founded the Cherokee Nation
    in 1827

12
Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
13
3. In what ways did the Cherokees adopt white
culture?
  1. Owning farms and raising cattle
  2. Publishing newspapers
  3. Creating a written constitution by which to
    govern themselves
  4. Voting in state and local elections

Choose the answer that is NOT true!
14
Andrew Jackson had a long history of conflict
with Native Americans.
  • He chased Seminole raiders after the War of 1812.
  • Acting as Indian treaty commissioner, Jackson had
    made treaties with Indians in the Southeast.
  • These treaties were forced on the tribes, and the
    government gained large tracts of land.

15
The cotton boom in Georgia changed life for the
Cherokees
  • As the cotton boom spread across the South, more
    settlers moved westward looking for farmland.
  • The demand for new land for cotton cultivation
    led many settlers to desire Cherokee lands in
    Georgia and Tennessee.

16
The discovery of gold on their land in Georgia
changed life for the Cherokees.
  • Now miners joined settlers in wanting Cherokee
    lands, and demands to move the Cherokees
    increased.
  • Georgia passed laws that gave them the right to
    take over Native American lands.
  • When the Cherokee and other tribes protested,
    Jackson supported Georgia.

17
Jackson had a solution to the conflict in Georgia.
  • Jackson asked Congress to pass a law that would
    require Native Americans to either move west or
    submit to state laws.

18
Jacksons solution to the conflict in Georgia was
the Indian Removal Act.
  • Although many Americans objected to the proposal,
    in 1830 Congress passed the act, which required
    Native Americans to relocate west of the
    Mississippi.

19
Check for Understanding
A ask B For what two reasons did Georgia pass
new laws that took land away from the
Cherokee? The cotton boom and the discovery of
gold on Cherokee land caused Georgia to pass laws
that took away their land.
  • Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

20
Check for Understanding
B ask A What did the Indian Removal Act do? The
Indian Removal Act required Native Americans to
relocate west of the Mississippi.
  • Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

21
Jacksons actions reflected his view of Native
Americans.
  • Jackson saw Indians as conquered subjects who
    lived within the boundaries of the United States,
    and had to obey U.S. laws.

22
He thought that Native Americans should adopt
white culture and become citizens of the United
States.
  • They could not have their own governments within
    the nations borders.
  • They could move west into the Indian Territory.

23
The Indian Territory was an area that covered
what is now Oklahoma and parts of Kansas and
Nebraska, where Native Americans were to relocate.
24
Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
25
4. What belief was the basis for President
Jackson's policy on Indians?
  1. Indians had a right to keep their traditional
    tribal ways.
  2. Indians were committing crimes against white
    Georgians.
  3. The government had the right to remove the
    Indians from the land east of the Mississippi.
  4. The government treaty between the Cherokee and
    the U.S. government was unconstitutional.

26
The Cherokees tried to fight the Indian Removal
Act.
  • The Cherokees appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court
    to protect their land from being seized by
    Georgia.

27
Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that the
Cherokee Nation did not have to relocate.
Both Georgia and President Jackson ignored the
Supreme Court.
28
Native Americans were forced to journey along the
Trail of Tears.
  • In 1838, federal troops rounded up
    16,000 Cherokees and, over the fall and winter
    of 1838-1839, forced them to set
    out on the long journey west.

29
One-fourth died from exposure, disease, or
starvation on this harsh journey to Indian
Territory.
30
Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
31
5. How did the Supreme Court rule on the Indian
Removal Act?
  1. Georgia could not make laws governing the
    Cherokees.
  2. Jackson's order to move the Indians west was
    unconstitutional.
  3. The Indian Removal Act was unconstitutional.
  4. The Cherokee must submit to the Indian Removal
    Act.

32
6. How did President Jackson react to the Supreme
Court ruling?
  1. He obeyed the court.
  2. He sent soldiers to force the Indians move to the
    Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River.
  3. He tried to open new negotiations with the
    Cherokees.
  4. He asked Congress for a constitutional amendment
    that would make the Indian Removal Act
    constitutional.

33
Other Native American groups also resisted Indian
removal.
  • In 1835, the Seminoles refused to leave Florida,
    leading to the Second Seminole War.

34
Other Native American groups also resisted Indian
removal.
  • The Seminoles continued to fight until the war
    ended in 1842. Some went deeper into the
    Everglades, and others moved west.

35
The Seminoles were led by a talented chieftain
named Osceola.
  • Osceolas band used surprise attacks in the
    Everglades to defeat the U.S. Army in many
    battles.

36
Osceola was tricked into capture when he came to
peace talks during a truce and later died in
prison
37
Several tribes north of the Ohio River also
resisted relocation.
  • A chief named Black Hawk led a band of Sauk and
    Fox back to their lands in Illinois.

In the Black Hawk War,
the Illinois militia and the U.S.
Army crushed the uprising.
38
Check for Understanding
A ask B Who was Osceola?
Osceola was a talented war chief of the Seminoles
in Florida who led his people into war against
the whites.
  • Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

39
Check for Understanding
B ask A Who was Black Hawk?
Black Hawk was a war chief of a band of Sauk and
Fox who led the fight against the whites in
Illinois.
  • Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

40
Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
41
7. In what ways did Native Americans resist the
Indian Removal Act?
  1. Hiding in the wilderness
  2. Calling for a new alliance of all Southern tribes
  3. Taking up arms against whites
  4. Seeking foreign assistance from Great Britain
  5. Bringing their case to the U.S. Supreme Court

Choose ALL that are true!
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