Medieval Europe

1
Medieval Europe
2
Medieval Worlds

• I. Charlemagne and the Carolingian Dynasty
• Territorial Expansion
• Reforms
• Relationship with Church and Papacy
• The Legacy of his Empire
• II. Feudalism
• Definitions
• Vassalage
• Serfdom
• Commercial Expansion

3
Europe in the sixth century, ca. 565
4
Growth of Islam by Eighth Century Martel turns
back Muslims at Poitiers by 732
5

• Charlemagne, King of the Franks (768814)
• Territorial expansion
• Alcuin and educational reforms
• The missi dominici
• Crowning of Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III,
  Christmas 800
• Carolingian Dynasty (751987)

Charlemagne
6
Coronation of Charlemagne by Pope Leo III, 800
7
(No Transcript)
8
Life after Charlemagne
Louis the Pious (r. 814-840) m. Ermengard

Lothar (b. 817-855) Pepin (d. 838) Louis the
German (d.876)
Louis the Pious m. Judith of Bavaria
Charles the Bald (d. 877)
Louis the Piouss Hopes of Empire the Problems
of Salic Law
9
Partition of Carolignian Empire
Pepin d. 838 Treaty of Verdun 843 Lothar
Lotharingia Charles West Francia Louis East
Francia Lothar retains imperial
title Fragmentation of Empire Enhancement of
Papacy
10
Late 9th to 10th centuries Invasion from all
sides Northmen, Magyars, and Moors
11
10th century invaders Vikings, Muslims, and
Magyars
10th Century German Castle along the Rhine River
12

• III. Feudalism
• Definitions
• Vassalage
• Serfdom
• Commercial Expansion

13
Feudalism Europe between the 9th and 12th
centuries
Whats in a Word? Feodum fief feudalism

• Vertical hierarchies
• Lord and serf
• King and subject
• Horizontal hierarchies
• Orders of knights
• Peasant communities
• Guilds

Vassal and Lord
14
Feudalism

• Vassals, lords, and counts
• Contractual Relations
• Act of Homage and Oaths of fealty
• Reward of benefices fiefs
• Obligations of Service
• Military Aids

15
Vassalage

• act of homage
• I promise to be your man
• 2) Promise of fealty
• Fidelity, trust and service with
• His hand on relics or a bible
• 3) Sealed by a Kiss
• voluntary contract

16
(No Transcript)
17
Manorialism

• Manorialism refers to a system whereby the land
  (or manor) was owned by the lord and was parceled
  out to individual peasants who farmed it.
• In return for the land, peasants made payments to
  the lord in the form of money, crops, and
  services.
• Manorialism established a social and political
  order that paralleled hierarchies of feudalism.

18
Peasants and Serfdom

• A System of Obligations between Lord and Peasant
• Most free in Carolingian Period
• Hereditary System by 10th century

19

• Feudalism
• The manor
• Agricultural improvements
• Moldboard plow
• Horse collar
• 3 field system

A German Medieval village
20

• Peace, Stability, Economic Revival by 11th c
• The Peace of God (by 1050)
• No man in the counties or bishoprics shall seize
  a horse, colt, ox, cow, ass, or the burdens which
  it carries No one shall seize a peasant man or
  woman (990)
• Punishment excommunication from entire community
• Result Limit violence
• The Truce of God (by 1050)
• No fighting between warriors at certain times
• Sunday(Lords Day), Saturday (Holy Saturday)
• Thursday (Holy Thursday), Friday (Good Friday)

21
Commercial Networks