Herpetoviridae - Herpes Simplex Virus - Herpes Zoster - Cytomegalovirus - Epstein Barr Virus - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Herpetoviridae - Herpes Simplex Virus - Herpes Zoster - Cytomegalovirus - Epstein Barr Virus

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Influenza A, B, C viruses Klasifikasi, Struktur, Genom, Kultur dan Sifat Virus - Famili Orthomyxoviridae Influenza A virus tdd : subtipe ~ 15 HA dan 9 NA – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Herpetoviridae - Herpes Simplex Virus - Herpes Zoster - Cytomegalovirus - Epstein Barr Virus


1
  • Influenza A, B, C viruses
  • ? Klasifikasi, Struktur, Genom, Kultur dan Sifat
    Virus
  • - Famili Orthomyxoviridae
  • Influenza A virus tdd subtipe 15 HA
    dan 9 NA
  • ( outbreaks in humans
    H1-3 dan N1-2 )
  • - Virion berbentuk spheris, tdd
  • a. Segmented, minus strand RNA
  • b. Helically coiled nucleocapsid
  • c. Enveloped (hemagglutininneuraminidase
    glycoprotein spikes)

1
2
  • Genom 13000-15000 nt, tdd 7-8 segmen
    (reassortment !) menyandi 10-11 macam protein.
  • Influenza C virus gen NA ?
  • Dapat dikultur pada a.l. monkey kidney cells
  • Host Influenza A virus wild avian, humans,
    swine, horses
  • Influenza B C virus humans

  • swine, dogs, cats, horse
  • Inaktivasi dgn radiasi ionisasi, pH lt5/gt9,
    gt50?C,
  • deterjen, drying

3
? Epidemiologi - Worldwide outbreak
tiap tahun pandemik Influenza A virus
H1N1 (swine) 1918, H2N2 (Asian) 1957,
H3N2 (Hongkong) 1968, H5N1 (chicken/bird) 1997
1947 WHO surveillance program
- Influenza A virus gt avian epidemik
influenza (peran swine)
non human human (reassortment!)
Influenza B C virus milder disease
winter outbreaks
- Seasonal winter / spring (temperate)
rainy (tropic) (Influenza C virus non
seasonal)
3
4
- Low mortality ( lower respiratory/
cardiovascular disease) - Transmisi by
airborne droplets (orang ke orang, zoonotik)
- Sering reinfeksi - Infeksi nosokomial
(Influenza A virus gtgt)
? Manifestasi Klinis - Gejala/sindroma
influenza (all age groups) - Komplikasi
sering ( otitis media/sinusitis, bronchitis,
croup, pneumonia, CNS, myocarditis, gagal
ginjal akut)
5
  • ? Diagnosis Lab
  • - Isolasi virus dari sputum, usap
    hidung/tenggorok,
  • nasal aspirate/washing (kultur sel)
    deteksi CPE
  • - Deteksi asam nukleat (RT-PCR)
  • - Uji serologis deteksi ag ab (IF, RIA,
    EIA)
  • ? Prevensi (vaksin, isolasi penderita di RS,
    antiviral)
  • ? Terapi (simtomatik dan antiviral)

5
6
  • Parainfluenza virus
  • ? Klasifikasi, Struktur, Genom dan Kultur Virus
  • - Genus Paramyxovirus, Famili Paramyxoviridae
  • PIV tipe 1, tipe 2, tipe 3, tipe 4
  • - Virion berbentuk pleomorfik
    (spheris/filamentous) tdd
  • a. Single stranded of negative sense RNA
  • b. Helical nucleocapsid
  • c. Envelope (spike-like glycoproteins
    lipid from host cell)
  • - Genom tdd 15500 nt yg mengkode ? 6 VP
    (Hhemaglutinin,
  • N
    Neuraminidase) ? 1 NSP
  • - Dapat dikultur pada monkey kidney cells

7
  • ? Epidemiologi
  • - Worldwide (early childhood)
  • mortalitas pneumonia (anak lt5 tahun)
    di neg. berkembang
  • - PIV tipe 1 epidemik croup ( autumn)
  • 2 PIV tipe 1 (gt ringan)
  • 3 least predictable (late
    winter spring)
  • daerah tropis/subtropis musim hujan
  • - Transmisi droplet (port dentry
    hidung dan mata)
  • - Host range humans.
  • - Faktor inang usia dan imunodefisiensi
  • - Sering terjadi reinfeksi (PIV tipe 3)
  • - Infeksi nosokomial (PIV tipe 3)

8
  • ? Manifestasi Klinis
  • - infeksi sal. napas atas croup
    (laringotrakheobronchitis)
  • dan infeksi sal. napas bawah
  • - Komplikasi otitis media, pneumonia
    bakterial
  • ? Diagnosis Lab
  • - Spesimen nasal wash/ nasal aspirate
  • Isolasi virus dan deteksi CPE dan
    hemadsorpsi
  • - Deteksi ag dan ab (ELISA, CFT)
  • - Deteksi asam nukleat (RT-PCR)

9
? Prevensi (vaksin PIV tipe 3,
cuci tangan, glove-goggle-masker) ?
Terapi (suportif, no licensed antiviral)
10
Mumps virus ? Klasifikasi, Struktur, Genom
Kultur Virus - Genus Rubulavirus, Famili
Paramyxoviridae - Virion berbentuk
pleomorfik (irregularly spherical), tdd
a. Linear, ss negative-sense RNA, non segmented
b. Helically coiled nucleocapsid c.
Envelope tdd glycoprotein spikes, lipid
bilayer,
inner structural matrix protein
11
- Genom tdd 15300 nt yang mengkode 7 protein
utama
(N, P, M, F, SH, HN, L) - Dapat dikultur
pada a.l. Vero cells, HeLa cells,
human embryonic
kidney cells
  • ? Epidemiologi
  • - Worldwide (gt school-aged children 5-9
    years old)
  • - Lifelong immunity
  • - Transmisi airborne/ droplet sekresi
    respiratorius
  • - Highly contagious, namun jarang fatal
  • - Human the only known natural host

12
? Manifestasi Klinis - Parotitis dan
meningitis aseptik-ensefalitis - Komplikasi
gonadal infections, polyarthritis, myocarditis,
dll
  • ? Diagnosis Laboratoris
  • - Spesimen saliva
  • - Isolasi virus (kultur)
  • - Deteksi as. nukleat (PCR)
  • - Uji serologis (CFT, ELISA) deteksi ab
  • ? Prevensi (vaksin MMR)
  • ? Terapi (Simtomatik)

13
  • Measles/Rubeola virus
  • ? Klasifikasi, Struktur, Genom Kultur Virus
  • - Genus Morbillivirus, Famili Paramyxoviridae
  • (!! tak memiliki aktivitas neuraminidase)
  • Measles virus hanya memiliki 1 serotipe
  • tdd ? 15 genotipe
    ( sekuens gen H N)
  • - Virion berbentuk spheris, tdd
  • a. Linear ss, non segmented negative sense
    RNA
  • b. Helical nucleocapsid
  • c. Envelope (lipid bilayer) carries
    surface projections

13
14
  • - Genom tdd 15900 nt yg menyandi protein N, P,
    M, F, H, L.
  • - Host only humans
  • - Dapat dikultur pada human monkey kidney
    cells
  • - Inaktivasi pH lt4.5, panas, ether/acetone,
    deterjen,
  • drying, sinar matahari

? Epidemiologi - Worldwide , endemik (gt
anak-anak) - Seasonal late winter early
spring (temperate)
hot/dry season (tropics) - Transmisi via
droplet sekresi respiratorius (periode katharal!)
15
- The most contagious infections of humans,
no latent/persistent infections, no
animal reservoirs - Morbiditas mortalitas
infants, elderly adults,
low socioeconomic
status people - Lifelong immunity -
Reinfeksi hampir selalu asimtomatik.
  • ? Manifestasi Klinis (? mukosa respiratorius)
  • - Prodromal (demam, malaise) ? gejala
    katarhal coryza,
  • conjunctivitis, sneezing, cough ? Kopliks
    spot ? rash.
  • - Komplikasi otitis media, diare,
    pneumonia, ensefalitis.

15
16
  • ? Diagnosis
  • - Berdasar klinis
  • - Laboratoris - Spesimen sekresi
    respiratorius, swab nasofaring/

  • conjunctiva, , PBMC, urin
  • Isolasi virus
    (kultur) deteksi CPE
  • - Uji serologis
    deteksi ag ab (IF, CFT, EIA)
  • - Deteksi asam
    nukleat (RT-PCR)
  • ? Prevensi (vaksin MMR, IG, isolasi penderita di
    RS)
  • ? Terapi (simtomatik, vitamin A, terapi
    komplikasi)

16
17
SARS-Coronavirus ? Klasifikasi, Struktur , Genom
dan Sifat Virus - Termasuk dalam
Coronoviridae Coronavirus tdd 4 grup
I (a.l. canine, feline, porcine,
human coronavirus 229E), II (a.l.
bovine, murine, rat, human coronavirus OC43),
III (only avian virus), IV
(SARS-Coronavirus ?)
18
- Virion berbentuk pleomorfik, tdd
a. Single stranded positive-sense RNA b.
Membrane-bound (covered with a distinctive fringe
of widely spaced, club-shaped surface
projections)
19
- Genom tdd 27-32 kb Protein
struktural (S, E, M, N) Protein non
struktural (replicase polyprotein) - Host
hewan (?) dan manusia Dapat eksis di luar
tubuh manusia - Human coronavirus sulit
dapat dikultur dgn baik - Lebih stabil
daripada human Coronavirus lain Inaktivasi
ether dan kloroform, suhu 56?C
20
? Epidemiologi - Infeksi saluran
respiratorius bawah akut - Hongkong,
Vietnam, Taiwan, Singapura - Transmisi
lewat droplet respiratorius,
lewat kontak langsung dan tidak langsung
pasar hewan ?? - Moderately
transmissible
  • ? Manifestasi Klinis
  • - Asimtomatis
  • - Simtomatis (SARS Severe Acute
    Respiratory Syndrome)
  • demam tinggi, batuk kering, napas pendek

21
  • ? Diagnosis Laboratoris
  • - Spesimen sputum, usap/washing tenggorok,
    stool
  • Isolasi virus
  • - Deteksi ab (ELISA)
  • - Deteksi asam nukleat (RT-PCR)
  • ? Prevensi (masker N95, cuci tangan)
  • ? Terapi (antiviral, antibakteri, terapi
    simtomatik)
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