Electric Boat Team Design

1
Electric Boat Team Design
2
Introduction

• This is a research project in collaboration with
  Electric Boat

3
Team Members

• Ricardo Silva
• Mark Wojenski
• Jason Holland
• Amy Henne

4
Objective

• Develop Wireless Data Transfer System
• Must be powered wirelessly
• Low Power Consumption
• Low Cost

5
Problem

• Future sensor systems such as large passive hull
  mounted submarine sonar arrays may have thousands
  of sensors.
• Cables and connectors can dominated the cost of
  an array
• Labor intensive.
• High quality connectors are expensive.
• Hull penetrators are very expensive and bulky.

6
Problem (Continuation)

• Cables and connectors are a major cause of
  failure in large electronic systems both
  underwater and in the air.
• Repairing faulty cables and connectors is
  difficult
• Identifying the bad cable
• Removing and replacing it
• Labor intensive

7
Solution

• Eliminate cables
• Transmit data and power wirelessly via a
  non-flooding enclosure behind the array.
• Identifying the bad cable
• Removing and replacing it
• Labor intensive

8
Solution

9
Advantages

• Costly cables and connectors are removed
• Costly, bulky hull penetrators are reduced
• Enhanced reliability
• Enhanced reparability
• Each sensor has a unique identification code
• Each sensor can be individually replaced without
  disturbing the cables

10
Submarine Hull Penetrator

11
Uniqueness of this approach

• There are many wireless systems
• The weak link is powering the remote units
• Periodic battery replacement is a major problem
• If you use a wire to power the remote unit, you
  might as well multiplex the data on the power
  cable
• There does not appear to be enough ambient power
  to power todays electronics with energy
  harvesting.

12
Uniqueness of this approach (Cont)

• Suggested approach uses force fed energy
  harvesting
• Each sensor has an energy extracting circuit

13
Other Applications

• Not limited to large sonar arrays.
• Machinery monitoring in factories or ships.
• Bridging technology between present technology
  and the time when energy harvesting is possible
  with low power consumption electronics.
• Consumer products such as TV remote controls
  could be powered by a small transmitter mounted
  on the TV set.

14
Wireless Power Transfer

• RF injection into a square box
• Optical box
• Energy Harvesting
• Waveguide

15
RF Injection Into a Square Box

• RF injected into the middle of the box
• Each sensor module would convert the RF energy
  received by its antenna to DC.

16
RF Injection Into a Square Box Problems

• Reflected energy
• Uncontrollable dispersion of RF energy
• VSWR might damage transmitter

17
Optical Box

• Light source
• Solar cells on individual sensor modules
• Highly polished internal surfaces of box

Solar Panels Facing the Inside of the Box
18
Optical Box Problems

• Solar cell efficiency 18
• Light source efficiency 65 (fluorescent)
• Combined total efficiency 11.7
• 4 receivers 2 Watts / 11.7 68.37Watts

19
Energy Harvesting

• Collects energy from ambient sources including
  sunlight, wind, temperature differential, sound
  and vibration, pressure variations due to depth
  changes, and water flow to power the sensors.
• Eliminates the need for batteries or external
  wired power to power the sensors.

20
Energy Harvesting Problems

• Ambient sources are non-consistent
• Ex.- Sunlight and wind are not always available.
  
• What would happen on rainy days, or in indoor
  applications?
• They are never available for a submerged
  submarine.
• A constant source would be more useful for our
  application.
• Ambient energy levels are too low to power
  sensors.

21
Waveguide

• Control of propagating modes
• High RF to DC conversion efficiency 70
• TE10 mode dominant
• Easy to calculate where power concentrations are
  greatest

22
Waveguide RF generator

• Voltage Controlled Oscillator VCO
• 10 watt RF Amplifier
• (Mini-Circuits.com)

23
Waveguide RF to DC conversion

• 50 Ohm Impedance matching network
• Rectification Agilent 5082-2835 Schottky diode
• Low pass filter capacitors
• Use of Rectenna would have a receiving antenna
  combined with a rectifying circuit

24
Waveguide - Dimensions

• WPT frequency of about 900mhz
• Parameter a equal to at least .166 meters 6.6
  inches
• Parameter b equal to 0.5a 3.3 inches.
• Waveguide will be built out of a ventilation duct

25
Wireless Data Transmission 440 MHz

• FRS Walkie-Talkies
• Pros
• Easily Available
• Inexpensive
• Cons
• Frequency is lower than the WPT freq.
• Propagation would not be able to occur in the
  proposed Waveguide

26
Wireless Data Transmission 900 MHz

• Pros
• Commercially Available Parts
• Cons
• Operating at same frequency as WPT
• Hard to filter unwanted electrical information
  from power transmission

27
Wireless Data Transmission 2.45 GHz

• Pros
• Large difference between Data Frequency and Power
  Frequency (1.5 GHz)
• Data can be easily separated from unwanted power
  information.
• Availability of commercial devices already
  operating in this range.

28
Data Modulation Scheme

• FM and AM
• Pros
• Simplest implementation
• Cons
• Low built in resistance for interference
• High BW needs for multiple channels

29
Modulation Scheme Cont.

• Spread Spectrum
• Pros
• High immunity to outside interference
• Multiple channels in one frequency range
• Availability of devices with low power consumption

30
Bluetooth Standard

• Industry Standard that includes all of our
  desired characteristics
• Frequency hopping spread spectrum
• Intended for use in portable devices- low power
  consumption

31
(No Transcript)
32
(No Transcript)
33
Block Diagram Of Proposed System
34

35
Technical Specifications Electrical Parameters

• Audio Operating Band 0 to 5kHz
• Sensitivity Range 256 steps, 8 bits
• Sampling Rate 15 kHz
• BW per Channel 75 kHz
• Power per Channel 0.1 W to 1 W

36
Technical Specifications Physical Parameters

• Physical Size of Box
• Approximately 6.35x3.25x 3.
• Sensor Size
• Approximately 6 in diameter.
• Box
• Possible hinged door for displaying internal
  circuitry.

37
Budget

• Wireless Power Transmission
• VCO ZOS-1025 119.95 S H
• RF Amplifier ZHL-900-10W 1995.00 S H
• Attenuator BWSXW2 29.95 S H
• Waveguide 6.6 x 3.3 x 4 30.00
• Vid. Detector 915MHz 4 x 50.00 S H
• Diode 1N5711 4 x 2.00 S H
• Capacitors 20 uf 4 x 5.00 S H
• Hardware Screws, Bolts 60.00
• Wireless Data Transmission
• PCM IC 4 x 5.67
• Bluetooth IC 4 x 5.00 to 10.00
• Total 2525

38
Project Phases, Timing, and Milestones
39
Conclusion

• Emphasis of Project
• To develop a wireless communication link to
  transfer information
• To power remote sensors wirelessly
• Key Skills
• Understanding of Electromagnetic Waves
• Understanding of Modulating Schemes
• Circuit Design

40
References

• 1. Microelectronic / Optoelectronic Devices,
  Supplementary Notes, Part 1, F.C. Jain, UCONN,
  Spring 2002.
• 2. http//acre.murdoch.edu.au/refiles/pv/text.html
  , website with information on solar cells.
• 3.http//www.kurasc.kyoto-u.ac.jp/plasma-group/sps
  /milax-e.html , website with information on RF to
  DC conversions.
• 4.http//www.fnrf.science.cmu.ac.th/theory/wavegui
  de/Waveguide20theory206.html , website with
  information on waveguides
• 5. http//www.cwc.nus.edu/sg/cwcpub/zfiles/ap98.
  pdf , website with information on rectennas.

41
Acknowledgements

• Professor Rajeev Bansal, University of
  Connecticut
• Michael Sullivan, Electric Boat
• Angel Rodriguez