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Humanistic Psychology

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Title: Humanistic Psychology


1
Humanistic Psychology
  • Abraham Maslow
  • and Carl Rogers

2
What is Humanistic Psychology?
  • It emphasizes an optimistic view of human beings,
    as persons who have the ability to grow (human
    potential)
  • Though it does not deny the effect of the
    environment, it sees human beings as able to
    transcend it to some degree
  • It stresses health and actualization
  • It is a reaction against a deterministic view of
    human beings

3
Humanistic Psychology the Third Force
  • Psychoanalysis has sometimes been called the
    "first force" in psychology
  • Behaviorism was the second force
  • Both first and second forces are deterministic in
    their view of people
  • Humanistic psychology saw itself as the third
    force, stressing human freedom and human potential

4
The Human Potential Movement
  • Both Maslow and Rogers were part of the "human
    potential movement"
  • Part of the 1960's mindset, emphasizing the
    realization of individual potential, was much
    more open to spiritual perspectives than
    classical psychoanalysis or behaviorism
  • In addition to individual therapy, this movement
    led to the use of encounter groups, team training
    etc..
  • It also fostered a holistic approach to health
    and was sympathetic to techniques like massage,
    meditation, proper nutrition, exercise etc

5
Esalen the home of the human potential movement
  • One of the places that became very important in
    this movement, due to the fact that a lot of
    experimentation around the human potential
    movement took place there is Esalen.
  • As part of this unit, you will be taking a
    virtual fieldtrip there.

6
Abraham Maslow 1908-1970
  • Born in Brooklyn, New York in a Russian Jewish
    family, the oldest of 7 children
  • Had a painful childhood, and especially very poor
    mothering. He also experienced much
    anti-Semitism.
  • Had some college teachers he especially admired
    Ruth Benedict and Max Wertheimer --they are the
    inspiration for his concept of "self-actualizing
    person.
  • He sought to attach himself to eminent people and
    studied them.

7
Maslow is known for his Hierarchy of Needs
  • Maslow proposed 5 levels of need from basic to
    more advanced, they are
  • Physiological (food, water, sex)
  • Safety (security, order, stability
  • Belongingness and love
  • Esteem (from self and others)
  • Self-actualization
  • The more basic needs have to be at least partly
    satisfied before one can move up.

8
Self Actualized People (the top of the hierarchy)
  • Are in touch with their spirituality (peak
    experiences)
  • Are accurate in their perception of reality
  • Are comfortable with themselves others
  • Are open, direct, spontaneous, independent,
    playful, creative
  • Focus on problems outside themselves, are
    concerned w/ society, the world
  • Need aloneness and privacy
  • Establish deep intimate relationships
  • Are non-conformists but highly ethical

9
Self actualized people are not perfect
  • They are, however experiencing a high level of
    well being and personal integration
  • They are still growing
  • Do any of the characteristics surprise you?

10
What is a peak experience?
  • A special moment when everything seems to fall
    into place
  • People transcend the self and are at one with the
    world
  • Similar to a religious, or mystical experience
  • A transformative experience
  • A part of the process of self-actualization

11
Can self-actualization be measured?
  • The Personal Orientation Inventory (Shostrum,
    1974) measures self-actualizing characteristics,
    along with dimensions like inner-outer
    orientation, ability to function in the present
    etc
  • A research article using the POI to look at the
    relationship between humanism and religion can be
    found in the course Bb library.

12
Why doesnt everyone live up to his/her potential?
  • The Jonah complex fear of growth because growth
    may lead to new situations we would not know how
    to handle
  • Psychological and/or spiritual growth requires
    courage (in addition to grace)
  • Here is an interesting blog about the Jonah
    complex, from a business perspective.

13
Carl Rogers 1902-1987
  • Born in Oak Park, Illinois, fourth of six
    children, evangelical background.
  • As a sophomore in college, went to an
    international Christian student conference in
    Beijing. Moved away from conservative
    Christianity to very liberal beliefs.
  • Studied at Union Seminary in NY, then transferred
    to Columbia to study psychology
  • Then worked both in academic and clinical
    settings.

14
According to Carl Rogers
  • Important issues must be defined by the
    individual importance of an autonomous self
    self-insight is what predicts later behavior.
  • Actualizing tendency people tend to develop in a
    positive direction, toward self-actualization
  • The way we perceive our environment determines
    how it affects us. (Roger's theory emphasizes
    phenomenology)
  • Incongruence between our self-concept and our
    experience leads to pathology

15
Rogerian Therapy isClient-Centered Therapy
  • Necessary conditions from therapist to client
  • Unconditional positive regard for the client
  • Accurate empathy with the client
  • Congruence in relations between the therapist
    client, authenticity

16
In Rogerian therapy, the client
  • Moves from talking about externals to talking
    about personal issues
  • Moves from talking about the past to dealing with
    the present
  • Becomes closer to and more comfortable with
    his/her feelings
  • Becomes more open to new experiences, experiences
    more freedom

17
The Fully Functioning Person, for Rogers
  • Is aware of all experiences
  • Lives in the moment
  • Trusts in his/her self
  • Experiences freedom in choices
  • Is creative and adapts well
  • Is still growing and experiencing difficulties

18
The End
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