Models of Health Promotion

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Models of Health Promotion
Model Approach Taxonomy
Typology Theory
Ideology Paradigm
Construct Concepts Framework Plan
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Taxonomy Categorical classification of
elements into different species of groups
Typology Dimensional classification
with a continuously graded array of elements.
Typological labels usually given to the extremes
or polarities See Bunton MacDonald 1992
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Theory Organised or integrated set of
propositions a theoretical system. Synonymous
with explanatory system. Retains etymology of
composition and speculation (same origin as
spectator. Spectacle etc meaning viewpoint or
perspective) See Bunton MacDonald 1992
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• Ideology
• Study of ideas
• Central to the discussion of models
• Value systems that shape peoples perceptions of
  society, human nature, and the human condition
• Perceptions that generate commitment to a
  particular courses of action (or inaction)
• Ideology, therefore not only determines the model
  adopted but also whether any intervention to
  promote health is desirable, worthwhile or even
  ethical.

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Uses and meanings of the word model

• Model as a distinct way of thinking about the
  world
• Model as a type within a series
• Model as a means of display
• Model as an example from which to copy
• Model as a simplified representation of a more
  complex reality
• Model as a simplified representation of a more
  complex reality used deliberately to throw light
  on a problem

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Models of Health Promotion

• Empowerment
• Education
• Medical
• Behaviour change
• Radical organisational social
• Underpinned by e.g.
• Meaning of health
• Locus of control
• Nature of Knowledge
• Nature of Society

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Nature of Society
Radical change

• RADICAL STRUCTURALIST
• Health reflects structural
• inequalities
• Need to challenge inequity
• and radically transform society

• RADICAL HUMANIST
• Holistic view of health
• De-professionalisation

Nature of Knowledge
Objective
Subjective

• TRADITIONAL
• Health absence of disease
• Aims to change behaviour
• Expert-led

• HUMANIST
• Holistic view of health
• Aims to improve understanding development of
  self
• Client-led

Social regulation
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• DISEASE MANAGEMENT
• Curative services
• Management Services
• Caring services

• DISEASE PREVENTION
• Preventative services
• Medical services
• Behaviour change

• HEALTH EDUCATION
• Agenda setting
• Empowerment and support
• Information flow

• POLITICS OF HEALTH
• Social action
• Policy development
• Economic and fiscal policy

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Mode of intervention
Authoritative
HEALTH PERSUASION
LEGISLATIVE ACTION
Collective
Individual
Focus of intervention
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
PERSONAL COUNSELLING
Negotiated