PowerPointPrsentation

1
Persons with disabilities in Development
Cooperation of Germany and of the European
Union
Dorothea Rischewski Social Protection Section, GTZ
Brown Bag Lunch at WB 6th of March 2008
2
Overview

• Part 1
• Relevance of persons with disabilities for
  development cooperation
• GTZ and Persons with disabilities
• Conceptual approaches
• Alliances and partners
• Implementation strategies
• Activities of German Development Cooperation
  relating to disability
• Examples of Technical Assistance

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Overview

• Part 2
• Disability and Development in the European Union
• Overview of Europes approach to disability and
  development
• Actors in the EU
• Short history of disability and development in EU
• Analysis of EUs work in disability and
  development
• Policies of selected European member states
  regarding disability in development

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Relevance of persons with disabilities for
development cooperation

• Considerable share of world population (10-12)
• 80 of persons with disabilities are believed to
  live in the LIC and MIC
• Disability and poverty are intertwined,
  relationship multidimensional, multidirectional
• Lack of cross-sectional data on socioeconomic
  status and disability prevalence (measurement,
  definition, cost and quality issues)

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• monetary poverty
• micro level contradicting evidence
• Uganda families with head of hh with disability
  are 38 more likely to be poor
• HH surveys in Indonesia, Romania (more youth with
  disabilities among the poor), Burundi, Cambodia
  and Mongolia (no clear pattern), Mozambique
  (concentration of disability among the less poor)
  
• Rwanda children with severe musculoskeletal
  impairment belong to the poorest tercile (based
  on assets)
• February 08 new evidence WB on positive
  correlation when disability severe
• macro level The Gambia, net gain of national eye
  care program due to increased economic activity
  after successful intervention cost was
  0.10/person/year, rate of return was 10-19
  (Frick/Foster)

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• non-monetary poverty access to social services,
  capabilities
• Rwanda children with disabilities are 60 less
  likely not to be enrolled in school than their
  age and sex matches without disabilities, they
  are more than 3x more likely to have missed
  school, and they live in bigger households
  adults with disabilities are more than 3x more
  likely not to have an occupation
• Serbia PRSP, only 13 have employment
• Mortality rates are as high as 80 among children
  with disabilities, even in countries where
  average lt5 mortality is about 20 (WHO)
• Correlation between poverty and disability
  depends on definition of disability
  (impairment/function/participation based) and
  severity of disability

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Invisibility of persons with disabilities in
development

• Despite the evidence of social exclusion, leading
  to low human capital, low capabilities and to
  wide-spread chronic poverty among this target
  group, there is still too little policy advice
  available and few operational experiences
  regarding instruments of social protection for
  persons with disabilities, and regarding
  interventions in other sectors such as education,
  employment, health and rehabilitation
• Excluded from mainstream development programs
  (MDGs, PRSPs)

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GTZ and persons with disabilities conceptual
foundations

• Policy Paper Disability and Development 2006
  (GTZ)
• Development Action Plan for Human Rights 2008
  2010 (BMZ)
• Human rights persons with disabilities are part
  of the diversity of any culture, hold same rights
  to equal participation and deserve same respect
• Social model of disability disability is a
  result of the interactions of a persons limited
  functioning in her/his physical, cultural and
  political environment
• UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with
  Disabilities 2007

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UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with
Disabilities

• Under German EU Presidency March 07 the EU and
  most EU member states signed - First time the EU
  signed a human rights treaty
• Third pillar to promote inclusion of persons with
  disabilities in development World Action Plan
  (1982), UN Standard Rules (1993) those were
  non-binding legally
• Till today 17 signatories of the convention
  will become valid 1 month after 20th ratification
  7 months after coming into force a committee to
  promote and supervise the implementation will be
  elected
• Human rights treaty and development tool,
  clarifies the language of human rights for
  persons with disabilities and sets benchmarks for
  their participation
• Focus on article 32, 4 pillars inclusive
  development programs, capacity development,
  research and accessibility
• GTZ Study on implications of UN CRPD for German
  Development Cooperation expect recommendations
  for further strategic guidelines and operational
  activities

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GTZ and persons with disabilities alliances
and partners

• Global Partnership on Disability and Development
  (GPDD) network of stakeholders in disability
  with objective of reducing poverty of persons
  with disabilities and increasing inclusion,
  multi-donor trust fund held at WB
• VENRO AG association of German NGOs working on
  disability issues in development
• Operational cooperation with civil society from
  the North and civil society from the South
  (Cambodia, Tanzania, Vietnam)
• Planned cooperation with African Decade on
  implementing the UN CRPD in Kenya
• Consultation with other bi - and multilateral
  donors (DfID, WHO, UNICEF, etc.)

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GTZ and persons with disabilities
Implementation Strategies

• Twin-Track Approach
• programmes to cover the specific needs and rights
  of persons with disabilities, and
• inclusion of persons with disabilities within
  other programmes
• Inclusive Development
• Capacity development of DPOs in the South

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Activities of German Development Cooperation
relating to disability

• Bilateral German Development Cooperation in last
  20 years
• 180 programs in 40 countries
• 30 directly targeted to persons with disabilities
  (70 Mill. Euro)
• 15 currently in implementation (17 Mill. EUR)
  Albania, Angola, Chile, Ghana, Indonesia,
  Cambodia, FRM, Rwanda, Sri Lanka, Tanzania,
  Vietnam
• Additionally churches and private organisations
  assist projects in the South with funds from BMZ
  (21 Mio. Euro)
• Additionally a number of private donor funded
  projects, implemented by German Civil Society

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Examples of Technical Assistance

• Design and implementation of strategies for
  inclusive education (Chile, Ghana)
• Implementation of national disability law and
  strategies, in the context of decentralisation
  and de-institutionalization (Albania)
• Design of national disability law and of
  implementation strategy, identification of
  regulatory and service gaps, coordination of
  stakeholder community, in the context of EU
  adaptation process (FYR Macedonia)
• Development of capacities of civil society for
  inclusive poverty reduction strategies (Cambodia,
  Tanzania, Vietnam)
• Handbook Making PRSP inclusive WB, HI, CBM
  cooperation
• Making not only design phase, but also
  implementation and ME of PRSP more inclusive
• Socio-economic reintegration of ex-combatants
  (Angola, DRC)
• Build up of training institutions for Orthopaedic
  technicians (Angola, Morocco)

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Overview of the EUs approach to disability and
development

• Actors in the EU
• Short history of disability and development in EU
• Analysis of EUs work in disability and
  development
• Policies of selected European member states

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Actors at the EU

• The European Parliament
• The European Commission (DG Development, DG
  EuropAid, DG RELEX, ECHO, DG Employment and
  Social Affairs)
• The European Council
• NGO networks (CONCORD, International Disability
  and Development Consortium)
• Disabled Peoples Organisations in Europe
  (European Disability Forum) and in partner
  countries (SADDP)

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Short history of disability and development in EU

• 2001-2002
• Article 13 of the Treaty of Nice (respect for
  fundamental rights as a constitutional principle
  of the EU, including disability)
• Resolution on the rights of disabled and older
  people in ACP countries
• Resolution on health issues, young people, the
  elderly and people living with disabilities
• 2003 DG DEVELOPMENT
• The Guidance Note on Disability and Development
  reference document in the EU
• 2004
• Project Cycle Management guidelines include
  disability
• 2005
• Minor reference to disability in key documents
  (Strategy for Africa, Consensus for Development)
• ECHO Cross cutting issues paper (chapters on
  disability)
• 2006
• Parliamentary Resolution on disability and
  development
• Research/ mapping of disability supported
  projects - EC supporting over 160 disability
  specific projects

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The EU Guidance Note

• The only specific guidance from the Commission on
  disability and development
• States that the MDGs cannot be reached unless
  persons with disability are included
• Deals with specific key areas
• Exclusion, marginalization and vulnerability
• Basic resources food, health care, education
• HIV/AIDS
• Employment
• Exploitation
• Poverty
• Access barriers
• Political Processes
• Specific concerns of women with disabilities

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2006-2007

• 2006 The Development Cooperation Instrument
  reference to disability in health, and to
  combating discrimination and promoting social
  inclusion in respect to sectors education and
  employment
• 2007-2010 The European Instrument for Democracy
  and Human Rights promotes capacity building of
  disabled peoples organisations
• 2007-2013 Thematic Programme Investing in
  People first European policy document which
  regards disability as a cross cutting issue

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recent and on-going

• Policy on Action in Fragile States (includes need
  to consider situation of people with disabilities
  in fragile states)
• EU Africa Strategy and Action Plans
• tackle disability in health and education
• action plan on MDGs regarding Persons with
  Disabilities
• Currently the EC - (DG Employment and Social
  Affairs) are developing a competency list for UN
  Convention (ie working out legally how it will
  effect them practically)

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Analysis

• Strengths
• Increasing awareness of disability issues amongst
  policy makers and programme staff
• Some commitment expressed in recent policy
  documents and in the signing of the UN Convention
• Evidence of more NGOs getting funded for
  disability programmes from EC
• Contact person on disability nominated for each
  DG (strength and weakness)
• Weaknesses
• Lack of capacity for new issues in general
• Some policy statements have been made but yet to
  be translated into strengthened action
• Failure to fully implement other commitments like
  child rights, gender equality
• Contact person in each DG (disability among many
  other issues in their portfolio)
• Hesitation of taking on disability because it is
  perceived as complicated

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Analysis

• Opportunities
• UN CRPD offers a new start in taking a more
  committed approach to including disability
• Strengthening civil society organisations on
  disability issues
• Move towards decentralisation (more chance of
  influencing EC in their delegations in each
  country)
• Donor Harmonisation (if other donors strengthen
  their approach to disability this will have an
  influence)
• Threats
• Issue fatigue/ issue competition

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Policies of selected European Member States
regarding disability in development

• Snapshot from selected countries
• Old Europe before extension rounds 04 07
• New members are in transition of becoming donors,
  little evidence on development activities
  regarding persons with disabilities
• Performance on disability and development varies
• Possible actions at EU member states government
  level
• Disability specific or inclusive development
  policies/ Mainstreaming disability
• Bringing disability into dialogue with partner
  governments and other donors
• Implement specific programmes/ actions
• Earmarking of resources (human, technical,
  financial)
• Developing capacity (training own staff,
  developing tools)
• Partnership with disability organisations or DPOs

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• Sweden
• Swedish Policy for Global Development is rights
  based
• 2001 policy for development cooperation in the
  education sector Education For All - A Human
  Right and Basic Need
• 2002 Position Paper Education, Democracy and
  Human Rights
• 2003 Reference Paper The right to education for
  children, young people and adults with
  disabilities and special learning needs
• 2005 Position Paper Children and Adults with
  disabilities
• Implementation
• Supported ad hoc committee for UN CRPD
• Support WBU and World Federation of deaf-blind
  and have a partnership agreement with SHIA (DPO
  umbrella organization with support to projects in
  24 countries)
• Fund training run by SHIA Advanced International
  Training Program on Human Rights and Disability

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• Finland
• 2003 Label us Able (STAKES), an evaluation of
  the disability dimension of Finlands development
  cooperation (5 of total budget on disability)
• 2004 Human rights in development policy
• Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland has
  outsourced the administration of disability
  specific NGO-projects to FIDIDA (DPO umbrella
  organisation)
• 2006 Education Strategy for Finland's Development
  Cooperation includes disability
• 2007 Finnish Development Policy Guidelines for
  the Health Sector includes disability
• UK
• 2000 Disability, Poverty and Development
• 2001 DFID and Disability A Mapping of the
  Department for International Development and
  Disability Issues,
• 2007 Internal implementation note How to for
  field operational staff
• 2007 grant by DFID to Federation of South African
  DPO umbrella organisation for participatory
  research, capacity development and policy design

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• France
• No specific disability and development policy or
  operational guidelines
• Ireland
• Specific reference (half page) on disability in
  the White Paper, no implementation note, or
  operational guidelines
• Italy
• 2003 Guidelines for Italian cooperation on themes
  concerning handicap
• Luxemburg
• No specific policy on disability and development
  but do provide support to disability programmes
• The Netherlands
• No specific policy on inclusion of disability in
  development cooperation, but implicitly included
  in health, education and human rights policy
• Italy, Norway and Finland are donors to the
  Multi-Donor Trust fund of GPDD

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Cooperation of European Commission with Civil
Society Organisations of the North

• 2 year project mainstreaming disability in
  development cooperation
• www.make-development-inclusive.org
• Output is material and conferences about
• Disability and HIV/AIDS
• Disability in emergency situations
• Disability and the MDGs
• UN CRPD
• Inclusive PRSP
• Mapping reports about disability and development
• Website with resources on disability and
  development
• Operational Manual for EC members for inclusion
  of disability
• Disability sensitive indicators to use in program
  design and evaluation

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Possible areas of cooperation WB/GTZ/EU

• Universal guidelines on implementation of UN CRPD
• Aspiring member states to the EU are under
  pressure to adapt social policy to EU and UN
  guidelines assistance (technical and financial)
  needed
• Guidelines and support to national governments
  for establishing disability indicators for
  surveys and census, and for the conduct of
  disability specific surveys (prevalence and
  services)
• Guidelines (theoretical framework and approaches)
  for bi- and multilateral agencies on including
  civil society in the south in development
  processes
• Creation of best practice (operational) for
  inclusive development in different sectors
  accessibility, education, employment, health,
  rehabilitation, social protection, etc.
• Create program data on disability in mainstream
  programs (e.g. CCTs, PAs) in all regions to
  examine the participation and outcomes of PwD in
  these programs

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• Thanks
• Dorothea.rischewski_at_gtz.de