IMPACT OF TSUNAMI ON ANIMALS IN INDIA:

1
IMPACT OF TSUNAMI ON ANIMALS IN
INDIA TSUNAMI-Disaster Management Programs for
Livestock
DR. C. KATHIRVELAN And MAYANK TANDON Animal
Nutrition Division, National Dairy Research
Institute, Karnal, Haryana, INDIA. email
c_kathir_at_yahoo.com, mayanktandon1_at_gmail.com
2
INTRODUCTION

• TSUNAMI Harbour wave
• Tsunami are large waves that are
  generated when the
• sea floor is deformed
  by seismic activity
• Tsunami wave caused by
• Coastal earthquakes
• Under sea volcanic eruptions
• Under sea landslides
• Tsunami is not a single wave, It is series of
  waves.
• Travel at a speed of more than 800Km/hr.

Frontline,Jan,2005
3

• December 26 th ,2004 Tsunami
• Epicenter - 280 km from northern sumathra
• 2100 km from Indian south coast line
• Due to interface of the two tectonic plates
• (The Indian plate and
  Burma plate)
• Magnitude 8.9
• 30 feet height

Frontline,Jan,2005
4
(No Transcript)
5
(No Transcript)
6
(No Transcript)
7
Countries affected
Indonesia Thailand Srilankha India Myanmar Malaysi
a Bangladesh Somalia
In India Andaman and nicobar TamilNadu Pondicherry
Kerala Andhra Pradesh
8
World Tsunami occurrence Nov 1,1755 -
Europe Aug 27, 1883 - Indonesian islands
(Java- Sumatra) June
15,1896 - East coast of Japan April 1,1946
- Hawaii Nov 5,1952 - Russia May
23,1960 - Hawaii Aug 23, 1976 -
Philippines July 17, 1998 - Bismarck sea
India Today,Jan,2005
9

• In INDIA
• Dec 31, 1881 - Car Nicobar island
• June 26,1941 - Andaman and Nicobar
• From 1973-2001 7 under sea earthquakes
  happened.But
• No Tsunami
• Dec 26,2004- Andaman and nicobar, Indian South
  coast states

India Today,Jan,2005
10
Number of missing or dead animals
Species Indonesia Thailand SriLanka
Cattle 28450 372 12300
Buffalo 21561 142 12300
Sheep 46133 454 9000
Goat 52010 454 9000
Poultry 449656 4163 2,30,000
Duck - 308 -
Swine - 1086 2641
SourceFAO
11
Impact of Tsunami as a whole- In India
Particulars TamilNadu Pondicherry Kerala Andhra Pradesh
Length of coast affected 1000 Km 25 km 250 km 985
Incursion of water into land 2 km to 3.5 km 300m to 3 km 1-2 km 500m to 2km
Average height of waves 7 m to 10 m 10 m 3m to 5 m 5m
Population affected 6.91 lakhs 43,000 24.7 lakhs 2.11lakhs
Dwelling units affected 1,12748 10,061 11,832 1,557
Animal lost 5,477 506 520 195
Cropped area hit 2,589 ha 792 ha 810 ha 790 ha
Source Ministry of Home Affairs
12
Andaman and Nicobar
Number of missing or dead animals
Cattle -556 Sheep and goat -
4300 Dogs - 654 Poultry
-1.3 lakhs Pig -368
13
In TamilNadu
Number of missing or dead animals
Cattle - 1,021 Sheep and goat - 3234 Pigs -
720 Dogs - 600 Poultry -1.6lakhs
SourceTamilNadu animal Husbandry Dept.
14
Impact of tsunami on animal production
ANIMALS
PLANTS (Feed resources)
SOILS
15
ON ANIMALS

• Destruction of animals
• Considerable destruction of animal building
• Loss of stored animal feed resources
• Disease out break
• Lack of feed
• Movement of animals
• Consumption of contaminated water
• Stress conditions
• Potenciate disease outbreak

16
Cont..
Especially Zoonatic diseases like Salmonellosis
Leptospirosis Anthrax, rabies Crypto
sporidiosis Giardiosis Animal health problem
under nutrition Stress conditions
Decreased animal production
17
ON PLANTS (FEED RESOURCES)

• Stored animal feed was soaked with sea water
• Pastures and other fibrous feed not affected
  severely when the sea water passed over them and
  then quickly receded.
• Long term damage pastures and fodder crops have
  been flooded for long periods with stagnant salt
  water.
• Coconuts destruction in coastal areas
• Feed mill (fish meal processing unit) damage also
  
• reported

18
Cont..

• Especially in TamilNadu,
• Crops affected are,
• Majorly paddy,
• Groundnut, Sesame, Black gram

• In, Andaman and Nicobar
• Paddy and coconut plantation totally wiped
  out
• Areca nut, palm plantation affected.

19

• ON SOILS (Agricultural fields)
• Direct crop destruction by up rooting
• Soil fertility losses when upper layer is washed
  away
• Deposition of salt sediment
• Soil infiltration
• Soil erosion modifies the topography

• Intensity of damage depends upon
• The energy of the flood
• The type of soil coverage and vegetation
• Soil drainage capacity

20

• In Gist
• Impact of tsunami on animal production in terms
  of,
• Animal destruction
• Feed resources loss
• Soil fertility loss ( soil salinity)

21
TSUNAMI-Disaster management /Restocking programmes
FOR ANIMALS

• Waste management
• Animal health/Veterinary services
• Vaccination
• Poultry Avian Influenza, New castle
  disease
• Pigs Swine fever,FMD, JE
• Sheep and Goat PPR and Pasteurolosis
• Cattle PPR,HS,FMD and Anthrax
• Supplementation of feed,water and shelter
• Veterinary public health.

22

• For plants
• Supplementation suitable seeds,
• Evolving suitable crops
• VTL-salt tolerant Varity of paddy
• For pastures- Chenopodiaceae family

23

• For soils
• 1st priority To ensure quick drainage of salt
  water
• 2nd priority Restore physical integrity of the
  fields
• Salt deposition
• Upto 30-50 mm salt deposition reported.
• -Removal of salt deposit, coarser
  elements
• - leaching
• Through regular watering by rain fall or
  irrigation

24

• In gist
• Animal health programme
• Provision of suitable seeds
• to farmer
• Desalination of soil

25
Feeding strategies 1. Transportation of
fodder Main strategy in disaster (Tsunami)
management Densification of fibrous
feeds. 2. Complete feed block feeding 3.
Exploiting new feed resources Exploiting locally
available unconventional fodder
resources Addition of molasses to improve the
palatability Mixing with routine feed
26

• 4. Urea supplementation
• Economic NPN compound
• Mode of feeding urea
• Treatment of straws with urea
• Addition to concentrate feed
• Urea molasses mineral block
• Urea liquid supplementation

5. Conservation of fodder Green fodder
conservation Depending on facility. Either as
silage or hay
27
TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM
In 1965- International Tsunami Information Centre
(ITIC).

• Under water earth quakes are monitored by sensors
  on the floor of the sea
• The sensors pass on information to floating buoys
  on the surface whenever they detect any change in
  sea pressure
• Information is then relayed to satellite which
  pass it on to the earth stations.
• Inform well in advance 3 to 14 hours.

28

• Impact of feeding salty feed and saline water on
  animal production
• Animal salt tolerance depend on ability of kidney
  to increase glomerular filtration rate and
  decrease salt reabsorption rate.
• Exert inhibitory effect on rumen microflora
• Decreased milk production
• Increased
  osmotic pressure
• Alter
  thyroid hormone function
• Decrease
  protein synthesis.

29
Cont..
In poultry Detoriation of egg shell
quality Symptoms of salt poisoning Excessive
thirst Muscular weakness Edema.
30
Strategies for coastal eco security

• Environmentally sustainable management of the
  coastal zone.
• Strengthening if ecological foundations
• Rehabilitation of mangrove forests
• Erection of bio shields

(M.S. SwamiNathan)
31
Bioshields consists of Planting appropriate
mangrove species Salt tolerant
plants Saliorine atriplex Casuarina
Sp. Thespesia Sp. And some species of Bamboo
(M.S. SwamiNathan)
32
CONCLUSION

• Local level plans to be drawn up for evacuating
  animals at short notice at the time of Tsunami
  alert
• Fodder conservation
• Animal health management.